Tandem scFvs are a class of bispecific antibody fragments. Two or more moieties of scFv string together to form tandem scFv, which has 1+1 (+1…) antigen-binding valency.
Tandem Fab is bispecific and has monovalent specificity for each antigen (1+1 antigen-binding valency).
Diabody is a dimer of scFv. Bispecific Diabody has monovalent specificity for each antigen (1+1 antigen-binding valency).
IgG-scFv is a type of appended IgGs. It is bispecifc and can be 2+2, 2+1+1, 1+1+1+1 antigen-binding valency.
CrossMab is a type of IgG-like bispecific antibody. Similarly to conventional IgG, CrossMab is bispecific and bivalent molecule, 1+1 antigen-binding valency.
IgG-IgG conjugates are formed by chemical linkage. Parental antibodies with special tags can be conjugated in 1:1 to form dimers.
Fab-IgG (also tandem Fab-Fc in the construct) is a format of appended IgGs, the IgG scaffold with Fab fragment in the N terminus. They are symmetric bispecific and tetravalent molecules, 2+2 antigen-binding valency.
TandAb (Tandem diabody) is a tetravalent bispecific molecule, 2+2 antigen-binding valency, consisting solely of Fv domains. They have been studied in tumor immunotherapy.
Single-chain Diabody (scDb) is a derivative of Diabody. scDb connects the first chain and the second chain of diabodies by a flexible linker, transforming the heterodimeric format of diabody into a single-chain format.
Fab-Fv is a bispecific, bivalent (1+1) fragment. It is generated by a VH domain fusing to the C-terminal of a Fd fragment and a VL domain to a light chain.
Minibody is a bispecific, bivalent (1+1) fusion molecules. It is constructed by two scFvs fused to the CH3 domains respectively. The KIH CH3 serves as heterodimerization domain.
Bispecific immunotoxins (BITs) are hybrid molecules with two specific targeting ligands fused to a toxin moiety. The toxins reach specific diseased tissue guided by the bispecific targeting molecules and perform the cytotoxic effects.
Scfv fragments are a class of units that are commonly used to generate BsAbs. Beside the formats widely studied, there are numerous other scFv-based bispecific fragments.
Bibody is a Fab-scFv fusion protein which utilizes Fab as the scaffold and scFv is incorporated to the C-terminus of Fd or light chain. It is a bispecific, bivalent molecule.
CH3 domains or Fc region can be fused to bispecific fragments to extend their serum half-life.
Monospecific IgGs can be engineered by fusing additional antigen-binding units such as scFv, Fab, protein scaffolds, etc.
Fab and scFv are two main binding units to generate bispecific antibodies. There is a class of BsAbs comprising both Fab and scFv.
Single chain IgGs (scIgGs) have same domain with conventional IgGs. They are bispecific and have 1+1 antigen-binding valency for each antigen.
BsIgG is a type of bispecific bivalent (1+1) antibodies. BsIgG remains the general size and structure of a conventional IgG. The technologies, such as Knob-into-holes (KIH), Charge pair, etc, facilitates the heterodimerization and assembly of bispecific IgG-like molecules.
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