Biomarkers and Antibodies Development for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Cancer cells may spread from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially bones and lymph nodes. It is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide in males, accounting for 15% of all male cancers. Prostate cancer occurs mainly in men over the age of 50. The incidence of prostate cancer in developed countries is higher than in the rest of the world. This is the most common type of cancer among American men. Creative Biolabs provides a number of IVD antibodies development services for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis.

Fig.1 The development of prostate cancer.¹

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer cause symptoms that often similar to those of diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, including:

• Frequent urination and increased urination at night (nycturia): Because the prostate surrounds the prostatic urethra, changes in the gland directly affect urinary function.
• Difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine.
• Blood in the urine.
• Painful urination.
• Sexual dysfunction: Vas deferens deposit seminal fluid to the prostatic urethra, so prostate cancer may also cause sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction or ejaculation difficulties.
• Bone pain: Cancer spreads to the bones, usually in the vertebrae (vertebrae), and bone pain occurs.
• Stinging, leg weakness and urinary and fecal incontinence: Prostate cancer in the spine can also compress the spinal cord, causing stinging, weakness in the legs, and urinary and fecal incontinence.
• Other late-onset symptoms including tiredness due to low red blood cell levels.

Factors That Increase the Risk of Prostate Cancer

Cause of prostate cancer is still difficult to determine. The main risk factors are obesity, age and family history. Prostate cancer is rare in men under the age of 45 but becomes more common with advancing age. Approximately 99% of cases occur over the age of 50. The average age at diagnosis is 70 years. There is a 2 to 3 times increased risk of males with family history. Men with prostate cancer family members double their risk of developing prostate cancer compared with men without prostate cancer in the family. In the United States, it is more common in the African Americans than the white American population. Other factors that may be involved include higher levels of processed meat, red meat or dairy products, or lower levels of certain vegetables.

Genetic - The genetic background may contribute to the risk of prostate cancer, as implied by race, family, and association of specific genetic variants. Men with first-degree relatives (father or brother) who have prostate cancer have twice as many risks of developing prostate cancer compared with men with no family history. Prostate cancer involves many different genes. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are important risk factors for ovarian and breast cancer in women and are also associated with prostate cancer. Other linkage genes include the Hereditary the androgen receptor, Prostate cancer gene 1 (HPC1), and the vitamin D receptor. TMPRSS2-ETS gene family fusion, particularly TMPRSS2-ERG or TMPRSS2-ETV1/4, promote cancer cell growth.

Dietary - Higher consumption of meat may be associated with higher risk. Low vitamin D blood levels may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Medication Exposure - Drugs, medical procedures, and medical conditions also have some links with prostate cancer. The use of statins for cholesterol lowering may also reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Prostatitis infection or inflammation may increase the chance of prostate cancer, but may also prevent prostate cancer by increasing blood flow to the area. Increased levels of blood testosterone and obesity may increase the risk of prostate cancer.

Sexual Factors - Some studies show that having many lifelong couples or starting sexual activity early in life can greatly increase the risk of prostate cancer. Available evidence shows that frequent ejaculation may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

To assist the development of IVD reagents for prostate cancer diagnosis, Creative Biolabs offers a suite of IVD antibody development services targeting potential biomarkers of prostate cancer. We also offer IVD antibody development services for many other diseases and biomarkers. If you are interested in our service, please feel free to contact us for more information and a detailed quote.

Our services target the following biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis:

Reference

1. Sekhoacha, Mamello, et al. "Prostate cancer review: Genetics, diagnosis, treatment options, and alternative approaches." Molecules 27.17 (2022): 5730.

For Research Use Only.