GRM6 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of GRM6

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) belong to the family C of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are seven-transmembrane-domain proteins that interact with G-proteins. GRM6 (mGluR6) is one of the eight defined mGluRs and it belongs to the group III subfamily receptors, which are coupled to G_i/o. Extracellularly, GRM6 has a large extracellular domain containing the binding site for its ligand, glutamate. Intracellularly, the large C-terminus can interact with different signaling systems. Three GRM6 splice variants can be generated. GRM6 is found primarily in retinal ON bipolar cells. The GRM6 subtype is expressed restrictedly at the postsynaptic site of retinal ON-bipolar cells.

Basic Information of GRM6
Protein Name	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6
Gene Name	GRM6
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	O15303
Transmembrane Times	7
Length (aa)	877
Sequence	MARPRRAREPLLVALLPLAWLAQAGLARAAGSVRLAGGLTLGGLFPVHARGAAGRACGQL KKEQGVHRLEAMLYALDRVNADPELLPGVRLGARLLDTCSRDTYALEQALSFVQALIRGR GDGDEVGVRCPGGVPPLRPAPPERVVAVVGASASSVSIMVANVLRLFAIPQISYASTAPE LSDSTRYDFFSRVVPPDSYQAQAMVDIVRALGWNYVSTLASEGNYGESGVEAFVQISREA GGVCIAQSIKIPREPKPGEFSKVIRRLMETPNARGIIIFANEDDIRRVLEAARQANLTGH FLWVGSDSWGAKTSPILSLEDVAVGAITILPKRASIDGFDQYFMTRSLENNRRNIWFAEF WEENFNCKLTSSGTQSDDSTRKCTGEERIGRDSTYEQEGKVQFVIDAVYAIAHALHSMHQ ALCPGHTGLCPAMEPTDGRMLLQYIRAVRFNGSAGTPVMFNENGDAPGRYDIFQYQATNG SASSGGYQAVGQWAETLRLDVEALQWSGDPHEVPSSLCSLPCGPGERKKMVKGVPCCWHC EACDGYRFQVDEFTCEACPGDMRPTPNHTGCRPTPVVRLSWSSPWAAPPLLLAVLGIVAT TTVVATFVRYNNTPIVRASGRELSYVLLTGIFLIYAITFLMVAEPGAAVCAARRLFLGLG TTLSYSALLTKTNRIYRIFEQGKRSVTPPPFISPTSQLVITFSLTSLQVVGMIAWLGARP PHSVIDYEEQRTVDPEQARGVLKCDMSDLSLIGCLGYSLLLMVTCTVYAIKARGVPETFN EAKPIGFTMYTTCIIWLAFVPIFFGTAQSAEKIYIQTTTLTVSLSLSASVSLGMLYVPKT YVILFHPEQNVQKRKRSLKATSTVAAPPKGEDAEAHK

Functions of GRM6 Membrane Protein

Studies in GRM6-deficient mice have demonstrated the functions of this receptor. These animals developed normally and showed no apparent behavioral abnormalities. However, the investigators found that the GRM6 was essential for synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to the ON bipolar cell and thus the induction of ON responses. When GRM6 is deleted from mice, bipolar cells from homozygous mutants show deficits in ON responses to light, which appears to be manifested by a delayed and decreased ON response to light stimulation. Besides, mutations in the GRM6 gene have been implicated in the development of congenital stationary night blindness type 1 (CSNB1). Recent genome-wide association studies have discovered involvement of GRM6 in heroin addiction. This receptor is emerging as a new drug target due to its functions in different diseases.

GRM6 Membrane Protein Introduction

Applications of GRM6 Membrane Protein in Literature

TirupulaK. C., et al. Expression and functional characterization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 6 (mGluR6) in detergent micelles. Biophysical Journal. 2009, 96(3): 593a-593a.

This article described a reliable, quantitative in vitro assay for mGluR6 purification and preparation. The investigators constructed a mammalian stable cell line expressing full-length human mGluR6 and optimized the detergent and buffer conditions.
Wyk M. V., et al. Restoring the ON switch in blind retinas: Opto-mGluR6, a next-generation, cell-tailored optogenetic tool. Plos Biology. 2015, 13(5): e1002143. PubMed ID: 25950461

This article introduced a next-generation optogenetic tool, Opto-mGluR6, for recovering vision under moderate daylight illumination. The Opto-mGluR6 was a chimeric protein consisting of the intracellular domains of the mGluR6 and the light-sensing domains of melanopsin.
Lu Q., et al. AAV-mediated transduction and targeting of retinal bipolar cells with improved mGluR6 promoters in rodents and primates.Gene Therapy. 2016, 23(8-9): 680-689. PubMed ID: 27115727

This study combined the endogenous mGluR6 promoter with additional enhancers in the introns of the mGluR6 gene in the adeno-associated virus vectors for gene targeting of ON bipolar cells. This technique was robust with enhanced transduction efficiency and can facilitate clinical applications for ON bipolar cell-based gene therapies.
Tummala S. R., et al. Lack of mGluR6-related cascade elements leads to retrograde trans-synaptic effects on rod photoreceptor synapses via matrix-associated proteins. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2016, 43(11): 1509-1522. PubMed ID: 27037829

This article determined the role of Gα_o1 in maintaining the cascade and the synaptic integrity using mice lacking Gα_o1.

GRM6 Preparation Options

Creative Biolabs is proud of the ability to optimize membrane protein preparation, maximize product yield, preserve the structural and functional integrity, and ensure purity to serve various research requirements. We have the capacity to reconstitute your targets into different membrane-like mimetics. Please see Magic™ Membrane Protein Production Service. Aided by our versatile Magic™ anti-membrane protein antibody discovery platform, we also provide customized anti-GRM6 antibody development services.

With state-of-the-art equipment and a team of highly skilled and dedicated professionals with extensive experience in membrane protein preparation, Creative Biolabs provides the best-quality products and services in a flexible and cost-effective manner. Contact us to discuss your projects with our scientists.

All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

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