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HighlightsNo single immunization program can be applied to all antigens. Therefore, determining the appropriate immunization strategy is one of the vital steps in the preparation of antibodies by hybridoma technology. B lymphocytes are induced to differentiate and proliferate under the stimulation of specific antigens by animal immunization, which is conducive to cell fusion to form hybrid cells and obtain hybridoma cells secreting specific antibodies.
Different immunization strategies have different characteristics. In general, the specific immunization strategy is determined mainly by antigen specificity and specific experimental requirements.
Conventional immunization strategies include some basic immunization methods, including subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, and other routes. In general, conventional immunization strategies are one of the most effective ways to trigger an immune response to conventional soluble antigens.
DNA immunization is a process in which a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector encoding a protein antigen is delivered to a body so that the foreign gene is expressed in vivo and the antigen is produced to activate the body's immune system, thereby inducing specific humoral and cellular immune responses. This method has many advantages, including but not limited to the simple structure of the DNA inoculation vector, the simple process, the low production cost, the easy acquisition of DNA antigen, and the almost zero possibility of toxicity reversal.
When the specific antigen cannot be determined, whole cell immunity can be used. For example, when preparing antibodies such as tumor-specific antigens, whole cell immunity can be selected as an antigen to conduct appropriate immunization strategies for animals to obtain antibodies. When whole cells are used as immunogens, it is necessary to wash out the serum in the medium. At the same time, we propose to use intact cells directly as immunogens without breaking them up. Because intact cells are more granular and exogenous. In addition, when tissue-derived cells and cultured cells are used as immunogens, intraperitoneal immunization is recommended, but subcutaneous immunization is not.
In vitro immunization is used to stimulate immune cells isolated from naive animals with antigens in vitro to induce the activation of B cells and produce antigen-specific antibodies. In vitro immunization is particularly suitable for the production of antibodies with the desired selectivity and affinity, and is also the best method for the development of fully human antibodies.
Subtractive immunization is a technique that has been shown to be helpful in generating specific monoclonal antibodies against antigens that are low in abundance, poorly immunogenic, and/or similar to other proteins in sequence or structure in a protein mixture. It can target antigenic determinants by changing the response mechanism of the immune system.
Liposomes have the characteristics of immunogenic stimulation, so the size, charge, and composition of liposomes can be adjusted to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens during immunization. In addition, liposomes have good targeting properties, which can avoid drug delivery to non-action sites and cause adverse reactions to a certain extent. With the development of technology, some of the shortcomings of liposomes have been gradually overcome, and their application in immunity has become more and more extensive.
Transcutaneous immunization refers to the application of an antigen agent to a specific skin location to trigger a specific immune response. Transcutaneous immunization is less irritating to immunized animals than needle-based immunization approaches, and it allows for prolonged and sustained action, resulting in robust epitope presentation. In addition, immunization through the skin is most effective in stimulating skin-homing effector T cells.
Introduction to DNA Immunization for Hybridoma Generation
Introduction to Liposome Immunization for Hybridoma Generation
Introduction to Repetitive Immunizations Multiple Sites (RIMMS) for Hybridoma Generation
Introduction to Subtractive Immunization for Hybridoma Generation
Introduction to Conventional Immunization for Hybridoma Generation
Introduction to In Vitro Immunization for Hybridoma Generation
Introduction to Transcutaneous Immunization for Hybridoma Generation
Introduction to Whole Cell Immunization for Hybridoma Generation
Creative Biolabs is pleased to share our expertise and experience in immunization strategies to facilitate our clients' research.
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