OPN1SW Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of OPN1SW

Blue-sensitive opsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPN1SW gene. It is light-sensitive via the chromophore retinal found in photoreceptor cells of the retina. This protein involves in vision and mediates the conversion of a photon of light into an electrochemical signal, which is the first step in the visual transduction cascade. It has been reported that OPN1SW may be also involved in circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex but not in image-forming.

Basic Information of OPN1SW
Protein Name	Short-wave-sensitive (SWS) opsin 1
Gene Name	OPN1SW
Aliases	Blue cone photoreceptor pigment, Blue-sensitive opsin (BOP)
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	P03999
Transmembrane Times	7
Length (aa)	348
Sequence	MRKMSEEEFYLFKNISSVGPWDGPQYHIAPVWAFYLQAAFMGTVFLIGFPLNAMVLVATLRYKKLRQPLNYILVNVSFGGFLLCIFSVFPVFVASCNGYFVFGRHVCALEGFLGTVAGLVTGWSLAFLAFERYIVICKPFGNFRFSSKHALTVVLATWTIGIGVSIPPFFGWSRFIPEGLQCSCGPDWYTVGTKYRSESYTWFLFIFCFIVPLSLICFSYTQLLRALKAVAAQQQESATTQKAEREVSRMVVVMVGSFCVCYVPYAAFAMYMVNNRNHGLDLRLVTIPSFFSKSACIYNPIIYCFMNKQFQACIMKMVCGKAMTDESDTCSSQKTEVSTVSSTQVGPN

Function of OPN1SW Membrane Protein

In several nocturnal primate and mammalian lineages, the OPN1SW gene (coding for SWS visual pigments, sometimes referred to as the SWS1 opsin gene) has accumulated deleterious mutations, resulting in loss of SWS cones and functional color vision. A recent analysis of OPN1SW in nocturnal strepsirrhine primates identified variation in the type of selection acting on this locus. Although researchers have found evidence of relaxed selection on OPN1SW in monochromatic lorises and galagos, most nocturnal lemurs exhibited lower lineage-specific substitution rates for nonsynonymous sites than for synonymous (presumed neutral) sites, reflecting a long-term signature of purifying selection to maintain gene function. The functional OPN1SW gene and signatures of purifying selection indicate recent transitions to nocturnality.

OPN1SW Membrane Protein Introduction Fig.1 Gene expression pattern of the OPN1SW gene.

Application of OPN1SW Membrane Protein in Literature

Veilleux C.C., et al. Nocturnal light environments influence color vision and signatures of selection on the OPN1SW opsin gene in nocturnal lemurs. Mol Biol Evol. 2013, 30(6):1420-37. PubMed ID: 23519316

The results of this study suggest that open canopy species generally experience strong purifying selection to maintain SWS cones. Authors also find evidence of nonfunctional OPN1SW genes in all Phaner species and in Cheirogaleus medius, implying at least three independent losses of SWS cones in cheirogaleids.
Stief T.W. Violet light upregulates blood opsin. Hemostasis Laboratory. 2014, 7(1): 251-254.

This article establishes that “priming” of neutrophils might be directly related to opsin-upregulation and the opsin physiology/pathophysiology of blood improves diagnosis and therapy of many diseases.
Moritz G.L., et al. Functional preservation and variation in the cone opsin genes of nocturnal tarsiers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2017, 372(1717):20160075. PubMed ID: 28193820

This study finds that the color vision of T. bancanus is advantageous for discriminating prey under twilight that is enriched in shorter (bluer) wavelengths.

OPN1SW Preparation Options

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