SLC26A9 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of SLC26A9

SLC26A9 is encoded by the SLC26A9 gene and is also known as Solute carrier family 26 member 9, Anion transporter/exchanger protein. It is a member of the SLC26 family of anion transporters with strong expression at apical and intracellular membranes of the lung and stomach. SLC26A9 is cloned on the basis of homology to other SLC26 isoforms. In humans, SLC26A9 maps to chromosome 1 and encodes a 791-amino-acid protein. SLC26A9 can function in three distinct modes, including electrogenic Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchange, chloride channel, and sodium chloride cotransport.

Function of SLC26A9 Membrane Protein

SLC26A9 is abundantly expressed in the stomach and lung, with lower levels in the kidney. SLC26A9 can function in three distinct modes, including electrogenic Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchange, chloride channel, and sodium chloride cotransport. In the stomach, SLC26A9 is located on the apical membrane of surface epithelial cells and in the tubulovesicles of gastric parietal cells and regulates gastric acid secretion. A recent study using SLC26A9 KO mice showed a significant reduction in renal chloride excretion compared with wild-type animals when fed a diet high in salt or when subjected to water deprivation. These results suggest that SLC26A9 has an important role in renal chloride/fluid excretion and arterial pressure regulation. It was proposed that impaired SLC26A9 activity in humans may interfere with the excretion of excess salt and result in hypertension. Meanwhile, SLC26A9 is reported to be a regulator of renal salt excretion and blood pressure and SLC26A9 predominantly functions as a chloride channel in medullary collecting duct cells.

Fig.1 A schematic diagram depicting the localization of SLC26A9 in the kidney. (Soleimani, 2013)

Application of SLC26A9 Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Soleimani M. SLC26 Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchangers in the kidney: roles in health and disease. Kidney International. 2013, 84(4): 657-666. PubMed ID: 23636174
   
   

   This article proposes that SLC26A9 predominantly functions as a chloride channel in medullary collecting duct cells because SLC26A9 deletion resulted in the complete loss of gastric acid secretion, indicating an essential role of this channel/transporter in gastric acid secretion.

2. Bertrand C.A., et al. SLC26A9 is a constitutively active, CFTR-regulated anion conductance in human bronchial epithelia. The Journal of General Physiology. 2009, 133(4): 421-438. PubMed ID: 19289574
   
   

   This article reports that SLC26A9 functions as an anion conductance in the apical membranes of HBE cells. At the same time, SLC26A9 contributes to transepithelial chloride currents under basal and cAMP/protein kinase A-stimulated conditions, and its activity in HBE cells requires functional CFTR.

3. Liu X., et al. Loss of Slc26a9 anion transporter alters intestinal electrolyte and HCO₃^- transport and reduces survival in CFTR-deficient mice. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. 2015, 467(6): 1261-1275. PubMed ID: 24965066
   
   

   This article shows that the association of meconium ileus and SLC26A9 variants may be related to maldigestion and impaired downstream signaling caused by loss of upper GI tract digestive functions, aggravating the situation of lack of secretion and sticky mucus at the site of obstruction in cystic fibrosis intestine.

4. Bertrand C.A., et al. The CFTR trafficking mutation F508del inhibits the constitutive activity of SLC26A9. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2017, 312(6): L912-L925. PubMed ID: 28360110
   
   

   This article shows that the co-expression between SLC26A9 and F508del CFTR, and the co-expression trafficking defect leads to a PDZ motif-sensitive intracellular retention of SLC26A9.

5. Strug L.J., et al. Cystic fibrosis gene modifier SLC26A9 modulates airway response to CFTR-directed therapeutics. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2016, 25(20): 4590-4600. PubMed ID: 28171547
   
   

   The findings of this article indicate CFTR is required to the SLC26A9 airway modification at the cell surface. Meanwhile, the variants of SLC26A9 are important to respond to CFTR-directed therapeutics.

SLC26A9 Preparation Options

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Reference

1. Soleimani M. (2013) SLC26 Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchangers in the kidney: roles in health and disease. Kidney International. 84(4): 657-666.

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