Creative Biolabs is a well-known specialist in the development of antibodies for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. Now we have launched a series of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development services against numerous diagnostic markers of human diseases. Particularly, chitinase-3 like 1 (YKL-40/CHI3L1) is a potential biomarker for glioma and we provide high-quality IVD antibody development services targeting YKL-40.
YKL-40, also known as human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HCGP-39), is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 18. The gene encoding this protein is located on the chromosome 1q32.1. Chitinases (endo-β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase), including YKL-40, are a part of the innate immune response, implicated in the host defense against infections from organisms containing chitin. The chitinase-like enzyme YKL-40 can bind to chitin, but don’t display catalytic activities due to amino acid substitutions in the region of corresponding chitinase active site. YKL-40 is expressed in several cell types, such as neutrophils, macrophages, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. It is known to be a growth factor for connective tissue cells as well as an adhesion and migration factor for endothelial cells.
Fig.1 YKL-40 induces multiple signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes/smooth muscle cells (PC/SMCs), and glioblastoma cells (GCs). (Rong, S., 2015)
Gliomas comprise the majority of primary tumors of the central nervous system and are classified into four groups, Grade I-IV astrocytomas, based on the ability for cells to invade surrounding brain tissue. Grade IV or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and exhibit high levels of malignancy, which involves significant proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and necrosis.
Fig.2 Model depicting the interaction of tumor cells within the microenvironment, predominantly with endothelial cells. (Iwamoto, F.M., 2014)
YKL-40 has pleiotropic activity in aggressive cancers. There is evidence that high serum levels of it have been found in many cancers, including breast, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, lung, and glioblastoma. In these patients, especially who suffer from glioblastoma, YKL-40 in the serum is positively related to higher tumor grade, shorter recurrence-free interval, and poorer survival. Besides, microarray analyses have indicated human YKL-40 as one of the most overexpressed genes in glioblastoma. The effect of YKL-40 expression was also evaluated in an in vitro glioma model. This protein modulated glioma cell invasion via regulation of adhesion, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and MMP-2 expression. These findings have suggested that YKL-40 is required for local invasiveness and malignant transformation in gliomas.
As evidenced by research articles, YKL-40 is a potential biomarker of glioma and IVD antibodies target this marker are required for researchers interested in developing immunoassays. At Creative Biolabs, we’re skilled at developing high-quality IVD antibodies against different biomarkers, including YKL-40. To fit the specific requirements of our clients, we offer customized IVD antibody development services targeting YKL-40 and immunoassay development.
As an incontestable supplier in the field of antibody development, Creative Biolabs has accomplished lots of challenging projects for worldwide clients based on our technical experts and powerful platforms. We are therefore confident in offering the best services and products to facilitate your projects. If you’re interested in our services, please contact us for more information or directly send us an inquiry.
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