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PDCD1

Programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1), also known as PD1 or CD279, encoded by PDCD1 gene, is a surface membrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed on the surface of T cells, B cells and macrophages, induced by T cell receptor (TCR) or B cell receptor signaling. The surface protein is composed of a single immunoglobulin variable-like region and a cytoplasmic domain including two tyrosine-based signaling motifs5. The PDCD1 can be associated with its ligands (PD-L1 or PD-L2) to regulate self-reactive T cells or B cells and inflammatory responses.
The PDCD1 is widely expressed in multiple human tissues, such as lymph node, spleen, appendix, stomach, urinary bladder, gall bladder, heart. The PDCD1, as a surface receptor of immunoglobulin, is related to multiple pathological processes of immunological diseases, including autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, various types of cancer. It is proved that the binding of PDCD1 and its ligands will transmit a negative signal to T cell, leading to deficiency of T cell function, decreased T cell proliferation, thus disarming immune response to cancer cells, resulting in cancer cells growth without regulation. These suggest that PDCD1 can be regarded as a therapeutic target applied to treat lots of diseases.
Gene ID: 5133
UniProt ID: Q15116