Creative Biolabs is a world-leading service provider for the discovery of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibodies. Based on our years of experience and advanced platform, we are confident in offering the best and most suitable IVD antibody discovery service against various diagnostic markers for cholangiocarcinoma.
Stress-induced Phosphoprotein 1
Stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), also called HOP (HSP-organizing protein), is a protein with a 62.6 kDa molecule weight. The gene for STIP1 is located on chromosome 11q13.1 and consists of 14 exons. As a co-chaperone, STIP1 serves as a link between HSP70 and HSP90 to form complexes. The structure of STIP1 is characterized by nine tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs that are clustered into three TRP domains (TPR1, TPR2A, and TPR2B) and two DP domains (DP1 and DP2). The TPR1 and TPR2B domains mediate the interaction of STIP1 with HSP70, and the TPR2A and TPR2B domains interact with HSP90. The DP domains are associated with the binding of STIP1 to other proteins.
The Role of STIP1 in Cancers
The STIP1 linked HSP70 and HSP90 complexes play important roles in a variety of cellular activities, such as RNA splicing, protein folding, signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. It has been reported that STIP1 is overexpressed in many cancers, including liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Downregulation of STIP1 in cancer cells is able to reduce tumor invasion by decreasing matrix metalloprotein-2 and RhoC GTPase and inhibiting the pseudopodia formation. In addition, knockdown of STIP1 can downregulate the expression of HSP client proteins, such as Bcr-Abl, HER2, c-MET and v-Scr. Besides, lower level of STIP1 inhibits the STAT3 mRNA expression, which is involved in the IL-6-JAK-2-STAT3 pathway. The IL6-JAK2-STAT3 pathway was already found in ovarian cancer. Moreover, both STIP1 and HSP90 have been indicated are important regulators of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.
Fig 1. Model showing how the HSP90-STIP1 complex controls JAK2 kinase stability. (Tsai, C. L., 2016)
STIP1 for Cholangiocarcinoma Diagnosis
Nearly, it has found that STIP1 activated the SMAD signaling pathway by binding to the AKL2 (activin A receptor, type II-like kinase2), thus, can promote ovarian cancer cells growth. However, highly expressed STIP1 has also been observed in cholangiocarcinoma with the specificity of 98%. In addition, another study showed that STIP1 was much higher in ICC (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) than in DRs (ductular reactions). According to these findings, STIP1 is considered to be a helpful diagnostic biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma.
IVD antibodies are widely used in different immunodiagnostic assays as they can offer valuable diagnostic and prognostic information for specific diseases detection of analytes in the biological samples of patients. With our versatile IVD platform, Creative Biolabs is proud to develop novel STIP1-specific antibody from scratch to IVD immunoassay (we can also start with provided antibody candidates). We help choose a format, gather the right components, and construct a good working protocol. Further, we will systematically test the components and variables, optimize the parameters, and validate the assay performance.
With years of research on IVD antibodies discovery, Creative Biolabs currently provides the unique IVD antibody development services to meet our clients' IVD antibodies demands accurately. If you are interested in our service, please do not hesitate to contact us for more details.
Reference
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