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miR-214
miR-214 is a member of vertebrate-specific miR family, including one member in non-teleost vertebrates and two members in teleost fish. The miR-214 gene is located on chromosomal 1q24.3, in intron 14 of the DNM3 (Dynamin-3) gene. There are two clusters in the transcript miR-214 and miR-199a-2. It has been indicated that Twist-1, ZEB1, Ezh2, and SMAD4 regulate miR-214 transcription. miR-214 is highly conserved in many species. Besides, it plays critical roles in physiological functions, including apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The function of miR-214 is mainly discussed in melanoma, and it is thought to promote the metastasis of melanoma. In addition, it may regulate type-I collagen.
Contradictory Roles of miR-214 in Different Cell Types Cancers
The expression of miR-214 in different malignant cells is controversial due to its different roles in different cell types. miR-214 is increased in lung, prostate, and nasopharyngeal tumors compared to healthy tissues. And, high levels miR-214 predict poor prognosis in overall survival and weak response to therapy. However, the expression of miR-214 has downregulated in uterus cervix, bladder, colorectal and cholangio cancers compared to normal tissues. Besides, the decreased miR-214 in these carcinomas is involved in malignancy, metastasis and poor survival. Moreover, in respect to the breast and ovarian cancers, the expression of miR-214 is complicated by high tumor heterogeneity and hormone responsiveness.
Fig.1 miR-214 in tumor-stroma cell interactions.1
miR-214 as a Diagnostic Marker for Cholangiocarcinoma
According to the study of the role of miR-214 in cholangiocarcinoma, the miR-214 is significantly declined in metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). It illustrated that inhibition of miR-214 promote human ICC cells metastasis, upregulate Twist expression, and downregulate E-cadherin levels. In addition, downregulation of miR-214 is able to promote EMT by targeting the Twist gene. These indicated that miR-214 may have a great difference in the regulating of ICC metastasis. Thus, miR-214 can be a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and predicting of cholangiocarcinoma. Surprisingly, it has been reported that miR-214 can be observed in the serum and urine in many types of cancers, making it a more convenient marker for diagnosis uses.
With years of research on IVD antibodies discovery, Creative Biolabs provides the unique protocol to meet our clients' IVD assays for miR-214 demand. If you are interested in our service, please do not hesitate to contact us for more details.
Reference
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