Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool to provide a versatile system for gene expression studies and therapeutic applications. With the increasing experience and knowledge of the Ad system, coupled with the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs commits to developing efficacious oncolytic adenovirus for customers and enabling wider applications of adenovirus in oncolytic virotherapy of cancers.
Ad, belonging to Adenoviridae family, is a non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid encompassing a linear duplex genome of ~36 kb. Its genome can be divided into early genes (E1A, E1B, E2, E3, and E4) and late genes (L1-L5). Early genes encode corresponding proteins that are expressed early during viral replication whereas late genes are expressed after the commencement of viral replication and encode for capsid proteins. Conveniently, the virion structure of Ads allows the insertion of complementary DNA (cDNA) elements for expression of foreign transgenes to impact their tropism, safety, tumor lysis and so on. The first recombinant adenovirus (H101, one E1B mutant adenovirus) for head and neck tumors' treatment was approved in November 2006 in China.
Fig.1 The scheme of the wild type serotype 5 adenovirus genome. (Abudoureyimu, 2019)
Human Ads comprising more than 60 different serotypes were historically classified into species A-G based on their DNA homology, hemagglutination, oncogenic and neutralization properties. The serotypes of Ad2 and Ad5, both belonging to group C, are the most widely studied and most commonly used vectors for gene therapy. Ads are capable of infecting a wide variety of vertebrate hosts via aerosol droplets in the respiratory, urinary or gastrointestinal tract, utilizing multiple cellular entry receptors in a serotype-dependent manner, such as human coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (hCAR), Desmoglein-2 (DSG-2), CD46, CD80, CD86, etc.
Table.1 Human adenovirus classification, tropism and receptors.
We provide a comprehensive range of adenovirus services based on our advanced OncoVirapy™ platform.
With years of experience and continuous optimization, Creative Biolabs has developed a systematic workflow for oncolytic Ad construction as follows:
Fig.2 Workflow of oncolytic adenovirus construction at Creative Biolabs.
Fig.3 Insertion and deletions commonly used to design oncolytic adenoviruses. (Alemany, 2016)
Fig.4 Examples of oncolytic adenovirus genetic modifications. (Abudoureyimu, 2019)
Oncolytic adenovirus is continuously being assessed for effective and safe future therapeutics. With the development of modern genetic engineering techniques, novel strategies have been discovered to optimize the construction of oncolytic adenovirus, to reduce their clinical toxicity, to construct efficient OV delivery platforms, and to increase the efficacy of OVs, with the aim of achieving the greatest therapeutic benefit. Creative Biolabs offers a broad range of custom adenovirus cloning and construction services at a reasonable cost and with quick turnaround time. Besides, we also provide in vitro and in vivo validation services for engineered oncolytic Ads to facilitate your whole project.
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