Monoclonal Porcine (Pig) Antibody Discovery Introduction

Pigs share many anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. This makes pigs play an important role in human biomedical modeling, drug development research, toxicology testing, and other fields. And porcine immunoglobulins also have an important role. Based on the role and function of porcine immunoglobulins, we can develop monoclonal porcine antibodies with unique functions for production and research use. Based on our rich field experience and advanced antibody platform, Creative Biolabs provides comprehensive antibody discovery services to support monoclonal porcine antibody production.

Fig 1. Porcine. (Creative Biolabs Authorized)

Monoclonal Porcine Antibody Discovery

Pig is a commonly used laboratory animal whose immune system can produce a wide range of antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies can be obtained by immunizing pigs against antigens. However, polyclonal antibodies typically exhibit low specificity and affinity, so the application of polyclonal antibodies is somewhat limited. In contrast, monoclonal porcine antibodies have high specificity and affinity and therefore may be a better choice in some cases. The similarities between pigs and humans in anatomical size and structure, physiology, immunology, and genome enhance their potential as human models.

Currently, there is a certain understanding of immunoglobulins in pigs. Studies have confirmed that the types of immunoglobulins present in pigs include four types: lgA, lgE, IgG, and lgM. Porcine IgG is the major serum immunoglobulin, accounting for 85% of the total; IgM accounts for 12%; and dimeric IgA accounts for 3% of the serum immunoglobulin. Currently, there are relatively few studies on lgE. Serotype lgA has antimicrobial, antiviral, antitoxin, and other immunological activities. lgM has an important role in intestinal immunity. IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in human and animal serum. There are at least five subclasses of IgG in pigs, including IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgG4. DNA analysis shows that there may be eight different Cγ genes in pigs, but whether this determines the subclasses of IgG is not clear. IgG2a differs from IgG2b by only three amino acids. IgG2a has the highest level of immunoglobulin in humans and animals. There are two subclasses of IgA in pigs, and they are IgA1 and IgA2. The stranded region of IgA1 contains 12 amino acids, whereas the stranded region of IgA2 consists of only two amino acids. There is one isoform of IgM. Current evidence suggests that pigs do not have IgD, but anti-human IgD antibodies recognize porcine B-cell surface proteins, so it has been hypothesized that IgD may also be present in pigs. A partial homology region exists between porcine and human immunoglobulin light chains, both in terms of nucleic acid sequence and cross-reactive antigenic determinants. The porcine κ- and λ-chains share similar properties with the human homology region and differ greatly from those of ruminants.

Obtaining antibodies by phage display library construction can greatly improve the efficiency of monoclonal antibody preparation. Usually, commonly used antibodies can be obtained from natural or semi-synthetic antibody libraries. This is the most important and commonly used method to obtain antibodies by most phage display techniques. However, some experiments and studies have higher requirements for antibodies. In many cases where antibody specificity and affinity are required, immune antibody libraries can be constructed. Immune antibody libraries can be enriched by antigen-specific antibodies, a large fraction of which encode functional antibodies that recognize specific immunogens.

Creative Biolabs has a wealth of knowledge and experience in monoclonal antibody discovery. We would be happy to share with you our knowledge and experience related to monoclonal porcine antibody discovery.

All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

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