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HighlightsTyrosine nitration is an oxidative post-translational modification, and it plays a crucial role in various pathological processes associated with inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, and other conditions. Understanding this process is essential for comprehending the pathogenesis of related diseases and facilitating drug development. Creative Biolabs provides comprehensive research services aimed at supporting the development of tyrosine nitration-specific antibodies.
Tyrosine nitration is an important post-translational modification of proteins that substitutes hydroxyl groups with nitro (-NO2) groups, placing them adjacent to the phenol ring of tyrosine residues. This modification can lead to the inactivation of several enzymes, affect signaling regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation, and induce apoptosis by altering the fine structure of cells.
Studies have shown that tyrosine nitration is closely associated with a variety of diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic organ transplant rejection, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, Parkinson's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases. Nitrotyrosine, a product of tyrosine nitration mediated by reactive nitrogen species such as hydrogen peroxide anion and nitrogen dioxide, has been identified as a biomarker of cellular injury, inflammation, and nitric oxide (NO) production. Therefore, tyrosine nitration is closely associated with inflammatory diseases. Elevated levels of nitrotyrosine have been detected in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, infectious shock, and celiac disease. Nitrotyrosine is a marker of reactive oxygen species and is associated with the degeneration of dopamine neurons. Since tyrosine is a precursor of dopamine (a neurotransmitter), this process also plays a crucial role in the regulation of motivation, attention, learning, circadian rhythms, and other biological processes. Overall, in many disease states, oxidative stress increases the production of superoxide (O2-) and NO, resulting in the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a destructive free radical oxidant. ONOO- production can oxidize several lipoproteins and nitrate tyrosine residues in many proteins. Determining the production of ONOO- is challenging, therefore, nitrotyrosine in proteins is often used as a detectable marker for the indirect detection of ONOO-.
The most common method for quantitatively detecting tyrosine nitration is spectrophotometry. This method is based on the fact that 3-NT (3-nitrotyrosine) can stably exist and has maximum absorption in the wavelength range of 280 to 450 nm. Depending on the pH range, 3-NT exhibits different maximum absorption wavelengths, enabling the calculation of its concentration based on the absorption spectrum. In addition, it can be detected using the western blotting method, , which involves the detection of protein-bound 3-NT through immunoreactivity with anti-3-nitrotyrosine antibodies. This method allows for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of nitrated proteins in cells and tissues.
Tyrosine nitration-specific antibodies play a significant role in the analytical detection of tyrosine nitration in a variety of assays such as western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. These antibodies detect nitrotyrosine independently of the surrounding amino acid sequences, enabling the detection of proteins and peptides containing nitrotyrosine. They are crucial tools for detecting nitrotyrosine, measuring nitrotyrosine levels, and studying nitrotyrosine function. Therefore, the selection of tyrosine nitration-specific antibodies is important. We should select the appropriate tyrosine nitration-specific antibody based on our specific requirements. Additionally, the development and production of tyrosine nitration-specific antibodies can be achieved using hybridoma technology or phage display technology.
Creative Biolabs possesses extensive knowledge and experience in PTM-specific antibody discovery. We would be delighted to discuss our expertise in developing tyrosine nitration-specific antibodies with you, particularly those targeting fatty tyrosine nitration.
All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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