Creative Biolabs is an undisputed leading provider of antibody generation and production services. Based on our abundant experience in antibody production, Creative Biolabs offers high-quality in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development services targeting exosome biomarkers to make clients’ diagnostic kits a success.
Exosomes are small vesicles of 30-120 nm generated in multi-vesicular bodies and then released through exocytosis. They were initially discovered in the mid-1980s, and the function and composition of exosomes have been intensely researched. Exosomes contain a variety of molecular constituents of their cell, such as mRNAs, lipids, miRNAs, and proteins. They are released from various cell types like epithelial cells and lymphocytes and can be found in most bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, ascitic fluid and urine. It has been proven that exosomes serve an important role in cell-to-cell communication and affect both physiological and pathological processes. Besides, the proteins most constantly authenticated in exosomes are heat shock proteins (e.g., HSC90), membrane transporters and fusion proteins (e.g., GTPases and annexins), MVB biogenesis proteins (e.g., TSG101), tetraspanins (e.g., CD63 and CD81) and phospholipases.
Fig.1 Schematic representation of exosome biogenesis and molecular cargo.1
Exosomal Biomarkers
Exosomes contain proteins and nucleic acids from their host cells that are pointing to pathophysiological conditions, and they were extensively regarded as essential biomarker for clinical diagnostics. For example, tumor cells release exosomes comprising tumor-specifc RNAs that can be possibly used for cancer diagnosis. In addition, exosomes enable to be obtained from easily gainable biofluids, which makes exosomes proteins become an appropriate candidate for disease diagnosis. Take the exosomal marker CD63 (a member of the tetraspanin family) as an example, it appeared at higher levels in exosomes derived from malignant cancer cells than those derived from noncancer cells proved by Yoshioka and coworkers, offering evidence that exosomal CD63 could be a protein marker for cancer. So far, many exosomal protein biomarkers have been discovered to be possibly useful in the diagnosis of diseases, such as CD81, CD41, and HSPA8.
Fig.2 Role of exosome markers in ARPE-19 cells.2
Due to the exquisite specificity of antibodies, they are broadly used in immunodiagnostic kits for diagnosis of different diseases. Many exosomal protein biomarkers have been discovered to be possibly useful in the diagnosis of diseases. At Creative Biolabs, to aid in the development of novel IVD kits, we provide high-quality IVD antibody development services against various exosome markers for your project needs. Some of the most popular exosome marker targets are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Exosome marker targets and their antibodies.
Exosomes Markers | Antibodies | Exosomes Markers | Antibodies |
CD81 | CD81 antibody | TSG101 | TSG101 antibody |
CD82 | CD82 antibody | Alix | Alix antibody |
CD63 | CD63 antibody | CXCR4 | CXCR4 antibody |
CD24 | CD24 antibody | FLOT-1 | FLOT-1 antibody |
CD9 | CD9 antibody | TM9SF4 | TM9SF4 antibody |
CD41 | CD41 antibody | TM9SF3 | TM9SF3 antibody |
CD44 | CD44 antibody | HSPA8 | HSPA8 antibody |
Flotillin | Flotillin antibody | HSC70 | HSC70 antibody |
Caveolin-1 | Caveolin-1 antibody | TSTA3 | TSTA3 antibody |
Rab5 | Rab5 antibody | Thr-181 | Thr-181 antibody |
Through our high-quality IVD antibody discovery service, various high-affinity exosome marker antibodies can be developed and will contribute greatly to the success of your projects. Creative Biolabs also specializes in the development of diagnostic immunoassays, including feasibility analysis, prototype development, validation, and production. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more information and a detailed quote.
References
For Research Use Only.