Tumor or cancer biomarkers are produced at much higher levels by the cancer cells than normal cells. These markers are widely used for cancer diagnosis, evaluation of the patient’s response to treatment, and detection of the presence of metastasis or recurrence. To facilitate the in vitro diagnostic (IVD) field of cancers, Creative Biolabs now offers comprehensive antibody & immunoassay development services targeting a wide range of diagnostic biomarkers of human diseases, such as CA27.29 as a potential marker of breast cancer.
CA27.29 (breast carcinoma-associated antigen) is a glycoprotein antigen produced by the MUC-1 gene. The product of the MUC-1 gene is MUC-1, which is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by glandular epithelia. The function of MUC-1 is associated with anti-pathogens and cell signaling. While overexpressed MUC-1, glycosylation changes, and abnormally intracellular localization have been related to cancers. Besides, MUC-1 was found in many types of malignant cells such as breast, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and prostate carcinomas. It can be shed into the circulation of the patients who have breast cancer.
Alterations in glycosylation of MUC-1 have a great influence on its physiological and pathophysiological activity by affecting the interaction between the MUC-1 and other target proteins. It has been reported that the abnormal glycosylation of MUC-1 induces novel protein-protein interaction and increases the expression of phospho-IκB kinase (IKK)-β and phospho-inhibitor od kappa B (IκB)-α which are the membranes of NF-κB family. By stimulation with inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, the cancer form MUC-1 induces activation of NF-κB members and interact with phospho-p65, then moves to the nucleus to regulate the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Then, the inflammatory cells like myeloid cells and neutrophils are recruited to the tumor site by the inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the inflammatory cells are capable of enhancing tumor growth and progression by producing pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic cytokines.
Fig.1 MUC1 the tumor microenvironment.1
CA27.29 is widely expressed in a variety of cancer cells or other benign diseases related to breast, liver, and kidney. About 80% of breast cancer patients present high levels of CA27.29, as increased in 30% of patients with low-stage disease, and 60 to 70% of patients with advanced-stage breast cancer. Both CA27.29 and CA-153 are derived from MUC-1 and applied with other assessments to monitor treatment in metastatic breast cancer. Studies have reported that CA27.29 tends to be more sensitive and specific than CA15-3. The test of CA27.29 marker is an aid to monitor the progression and metastatic state of breast cancer.
At Creative Biolabs, we provide customized IVD antibody & immunoassay development services to global clients targeting different disease biomarkers, such as CA27.29 marker. We are specialized in different immunoassay formats, such as latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetry, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, and ELISA. For more detailed information about what we offer for each stage of the development process, please click the links below:
Please feel free to contact us for more information and discuss your project needs.
Reference
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