Creative Biolabs is a world-leading service provider offering customized solutions for the development of high-quality in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody & immunoassay. Especially, with our versatile IVD platform, we are proud to offer one-stop services targeting a wide range of disease biomarkers, such as HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), a diagnostic biomarker of breast cancer.
HER2, also known as CD340, is a protein encoded by the ERBB2 gene and is a member of the ErbB family containing four plasma member-bound receptor tyrosine kinases. The members of the ErbB family include HER1, HER2, HER3 (neuregulin-binding; lacks kinase domain), and HER4. All four receptors contain an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain with tyrosine kinase catalytic activity both in ligand-dependent and ligand-independent manner. HER2 is a 1,255 acid, 185 kD transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in many tissues and found to take part in tumorigenesis.
Without binding to the ligands, the HER receptors remain monomers on the cell surface. Once binding with the ligands, the receptors tend to be dimerized, followed by the autophosphorylation of the intracellular region. Notably, HER2 has no ligand, however, it is recognized that it remains an activated state or activated by heterodimerization with other family members such as HER1 and HER3. Both homodimerization and heterodimerization of the ErbB family can initiate a variety of signaling ways, the PI3K/AKT and the Raf/MAPK cascade are the main downstream signaling pathways involving in cell cycle progression, proliferation, and survival.
Fig.1 Receptor homodimerization or heterodimerization activates downstream signaling pathways.1
Evidence showed that HER2 can form clusters in cell membranes, suggesting that it can promote tumorigenesis. About 15%-30% of breast cancers have increased expression of HER2. The HER2 gene in breast cancers grows up to 25-50 copies and the HER2 protein levels increase up to 400-100-fold leading to a great quantity receptor existed at the cancer cell surface. Overexpression of the HER2 gene can be a worthy predictor of overall survival and recurrence. It is indicated that breast cancer patients having high levels of HER2 had a risk of recurrence 9.5 times than the patients who have a normal expression. Besides, HER2 increased breast cancer is sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and have a high risk to metastasize to other organs like the brain. The increased levels of HER2 gene and protein make it a valuable maker to diagnose and remedy breast cancer and assess the prognosis after treatment.
At Creative Biolabs, we offer high-quality one-stop IVD antibody & immunoassay development services to global clients, covering antigen production, antibody development, labeling, and conjugation, as well as immunoassay development. Our expertise lies in different stages of the immunoassay development process and different immunoassay technology platforms, including immunohistochemistry, ELISAs, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, immuno-PCR, etc. Please click the links below for more information:
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Reference
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