Anti-Endothelial Cell Antibody (AECA) Introduction

The immune system is a collection of specific cells and chemicals that fight infection-causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Autoimmune diseases occur when a person's immune system mistakenly attacks their own body tissues. There are about 80 autoimmune diseases, and their severity ranges from mild to disabling, depending on which of the body's systems is being attacked and the extent of the attack. Generally, autoimmune diseases cannot be cured, but in many cases, the condition can be managed. Anti-endothelial cell antibodies are an effective treatment. Based on our rich field experience and advanced technology platform, Creative Biolabs provides comprehensive services to support custom agonistic antibody and anti-endothelial cell antibody discovery.

Fig 1. Structure of human endothelial cell.

Anti-endothelial Cell Antibody

The antigens of anti-endothelial cell antibodies are a heterogeneous cluster of proteins located on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. Studies have shown that anti-endothelial cell antibodies can be found in a variety of autoimmune diseases associated with vasculitis, especially systemic vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. They are a marker of vascular damage and vasculitis and are mainly seen in primary or secondary vasculitis and other diseases, especially systemic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and systemic sclerosis. Anti-endothelial cell antibodies have a strong relationship with the course of disease activity during pathogenesis and are positively correlated with disease activity.

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies are directed against the surface of vascular endothelial cells but are not antigens corresponding to class I histocompatibility complexes and anti-neutrophil-coated antibodies. Moreover, anti-endothelial cell antibodies cross-react with fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In some lupus patients, antiphospholipid and antinuclear antibodies contribute to the binding of anti-endothelial cell antibodies to endothelial cells. Some scholars have selectively labeled HUVEC membrane proteins with radioactive elements and analyzed their antigenic components using immunoprecipitation. It was found that the anti-endothelial cell antibody antigen contains a variety of proteins with molecular weights ranging from 25,000 to 200,000.

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies have IgG, IgM, and IgA subtypes, and the current clinical practice is to detect the IgG type. There are various detection methods for AECA using human umbilical cord endothelial cells as the substrate, which can be detected by ELISA, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay, etc. However, due to its poor diagnostic specificity, it has less clinical significance than ANCA for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic vasculitis. However, due to its poor diagnostic specificity, its clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic vasculitis is slightly inferior to that of ANCA.

Since the antigen corresponding to anti-endothelial cell antibodies is a heterogeneous cluster of proteins, it has a wide range of molecular weight distribution and a large number of components and is mostly used for the analysis of antigen specificity and identification of diseases and their subtypes. Seres from different diseases have different bands. In patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, anti-endothelial cell antibodies mainly bind to 180,000, 155,000, 125,000, 68,000, and 25,000 protein bands, whereas anti-endothelial cell antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are more heterogeneous in recognizing antigens and have been found to bind specifically to 2,000,000 bands, while the 125,000 band is more specific for Wegener's granulomatosis.

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of various types of vasculitis. As an agonist antibody therapy, anti-endothelial cell antibodies are important in the treatment and diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.

Creative Biolabs has a wealth of knowledge and experience in custom agonistic autoantibody. We would be happy to share with you our knowledge and experience in anti-endothelial cell antibodies by phage display.

All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

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