With our advanced Chemokine Production Measurement Service and powerful techniques, Creative Biolabs has developed an unparalleled platform for assays of production measurement of CX3CL, to fulfill every need of our clients, our professional scientists are ready to start working on your projects.

Introduction of Chemokine CX3CL

Chemokines, chemotaxis mediators for the directional migration of effector cells, serve as an essential component in the angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in immune responses. Chemokines characterized by four highly conserved cysteine amino acid residues are classified into four subfamilies. The chemokine ligand CX3CL (fractalkine) subfamily has only one member discovered, which is called CX3CL1. CX3CL1 is both secreted and tethered to the membrane surface of the cells and serves as both a chemoattractant and an adhesion molecule.

• Mechanisms of chemokine CX3CL1

The mechanism of CX3CL1-mediated leukocyte adhesion and extravasation is described in Fig.1. When CX3CL1 is expressed on the cell membrane as a cellular adhesion factor, CX3CR1-expressing cells will rapidly bind to the immobilized CX3CL1 with high affinity. The interaction between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 will remarkably increase the affinity of integrins, leading to a much firmer adhesion between vascular cells and leukocytes. Finally, the tethered leukocytes extravasate through the vascular wall into the inflamed tissue or tumor microenvironment according to the chemokine gradient.

Fig.1 Schematic mechanism of CX3CL1 chemotaxis. (Jones, et al., 2010)

• Functions of chemokine CX3CL

CX3CL1 plays an important role in inflammatory responses, and it has a strong tumor suppressive activity. The over-expression of CX3CL1 in tumor cells may suggest that CX3CL1 could be used as a good marker for prognosis in epithelial cancers. As shown in Fig.2, CX3CL1 promoted the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells and act as an independent predictor of a poor prognosis in bladder cancer. Therefore, the detection of chemokine CX3CL is essential for cancer immunotherapies, including the Engineered Cancer Cells with the self-destruction strategy.

Fig.2 Effects of CX3CL1 knockdown in bladder cancer. (Jiang, et al., 2021)

Chemokine CX3CL Production Measurement Services at Creative Biolabs

The assessment of the CX3CL expression level in samples may represent the systemic circulation and tumor microenvironment. Detection of CX3CL in tumor tissues and measurement of the tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets are of great value for cancer immune treatment research. With industry-leading expertise and state-of-the-art single-use equipment, Creative Biolabs has pioneered the production measurement of chemokine CX3CL and its receptor.

CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 are always measured together to discover and verify the role they play in a specific disease. Their gene expression will be detected by real-time RT-PCR and their protein expression will be measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western Blot (WB) assay. All the parameters of CX3CL will be measured at Creative Biolabs with various methods including but not limited to flow cytometry (FC), ELISA, real-time PCR, and WB as described in the related page Chemokine CCL.

Features of CX3CL Production Measurement Service

✔ Excellent expertise in dealing with cancer-immunotherapy biotechnology.

✔ Advanced technical platform with high sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability.

✔ Fast turnaround time.

CX3CL1 may be quantified along with some other serum biomarkers described detailedly in our Toxicity Assessment Service, like bilirubin, alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Based on advanced facilities, capabilities, and expertise in chemokine science, Creative Biolabs is confident in helping our clients with chemokine detection. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us directly.

References

1. Jones, B.A.; et al. CX3CL1: a potential new target for inflammatory diseases. Mol Interv. 2010, 10(5): 263-70.
2. Jiang, G.; et al. The clinical implications and molecular mechanism of CX3CL1 expression in urothelial bladder cancer. Front Oncol. 2021, 4(11): 752860.

For Research Use Only | Not For Clinical Use