Based on our advanced Chemokine Production Measurement Service and powerful technology, Creative Biolabs has developed an unparalleled platform for assays of production measurement of chemokine, to meet our customers' different purposes. Our highly skilled scientists are ready to get started on your projects.

Introduction of Chemokine

Chemokines are a large family of secreted proteins that function as chemoattractants, mediating the recruitment of various subsets of immune cells to involve in all protective or destructive immune and inflammatory responses. The chemokines signal through cell surface G protein-coupled heptahelical chemokine receptors. Variation in the precise configuration of the two cysteines closest to the N terminus permits chemokines to be split into four subfamilies: CC, CXC, CX3C, and XC.

• Chemokines recruit anti-tumor immune cells to the tumor microenvironment.

Chemokines direct the migration of immune cells into tumor tissue areas. As shown in Fig.1, CXCR3 and CXCR4 attract T cells and NK cells to migrate into the solid tumors; CCR5 and CCR6 signaled to call dendritic cells together into tumors; CCR4 regulates migration of regulatory T cells into TME; CCR2 and CCR5 help the migration of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells; and CXCR1 and CXCR2 guide migration of neutrophils for maximal anti-tumor immunity. Thus, it is very important to measure chemokine production to monitor and study the immune effects of Engineered Cancer Cells with the self-destruction strategy.

Fig.1 Key chemokines inducing immune infiltration into solid tumors. (Kohli, et al., 2022)

• Chemokines promote tumor growth and metastasization.

Chemokines are essential mediators of the migration of immune cells and cancer cells. Specifically, they regulate tumor cell dissemination, angiogenesis, and leukocyte recruitment. As shown in Fig.2, chemokines secreted in the tumor microenvironment regulate tumor associated-angiogenesis by supporting endothelial cells to proliferate and sprout in the extracellular matrix. Recruited immune cells by chemokines play an antitumoral role, but Treg cells, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tolerogenic dendritic cells inhibit antitumor immunity and support the metastatic process. Therefore, chemokines contribute to tumor metastasization both in the primary lesions and the metastatic sites.

Fig.2 Chemokines contribute to the overall process of tumor metastasis. (Marcuzzi, et al, 2019)

Chemokine Production Measurement Services at Creative Biolabs

Bio-technical assays to measure the production levels of chemokine and their receptors on cancer cells and infiltrated immune cells will be urgently necessary for the identification of ideal targets in individual tumor cases. These chemokine production assays at Creative Biolabs may help our customers understand and manipulate intratumoral chemokine signal pathways, and further offer a promising avenue to improve responses to current immunotherapies.

With industry-leading expertise and state-of-the-art single-use equipment, Creative Biolabs has pioneered the development of chemokine production measurement services. Our comprehensive services include but are not limited to the methods of real-time quantitative PCR, gene array analysis, Northern Blot analysis, ribonuclease protection assay, flow cytometry, ELISPOT, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay.

Chemokine CCL Production Measurement

CCL chemokines, with an N-terminal CC domain, are a family of more than 20 chemotactic cytokines. Creative Biolabs has pioneered the measurement of Chemokine CCL Production.

Chemokine CXCL Production Measurement

The chemokine CXCL subfamily plays an essential role in inflammation and cancer development. The assessment of the CXCL expression level in samples may represent the systemic circulation and tumor microenvironment.

Chemokine CX3CL Production Measurement

CX3CL (fractalkine) subfamily has only one member discovered, which is called CX3CL1. CX3CL1 is both secreted and tethered to the membrane surface of the cells and serves as both a chemoattractant and an adhesion molecule.

Chemokine XCL Production Measurement

The structure of XCL subfamily has only one disulfide bond. Detection of the XCL and measurement of the tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets are of great value for cancer immunotherapy research.

We will work with you at all stages of the measurement process from the initiation of your project to the large-scale production. Based on advanced facilities, capabilities, and expertise, Creative Biolabs is confident in chemokine production measurement service. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.

References

1. Kohli, K.; et al. Key chemokines direct migration of immune cells in solid tumors. Cancer Gene Ther. 2022, 29: 10-21.
2. Marcuzzi, E.; et al. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: orchestrating tumor metastasization. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019, 20(1): 96.

For Research Use Only | Not For Clinical Use