AMIGO1 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of AMIGO1

AMIGO1, encoded by the gene AMIGO1, is the abbreviation of Amphoterin-induced protein 1. AMIGO is a brain-enriched transmembrane immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily protein. It consists of six extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRR) and a single immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domain. It is a glycosylated protein widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and can be found in neurons, oligodendrocytes as well as astrocytes.

Function of AMIGO1 Membrane Protein

AMIGO1 promotes growth and fasciculation of neurites in cultured hippocampal neurons. It may be involved in myelination as well as fasciculation of developing neural axons. Also, it may have a role in regeneration as well as neural plasticity in the adult nervous system. It may mediate heterophilic cell-cell interaction as well as homophilic and contribute to signal transduction through its intracellular domain. AMIGO1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. In addition, AMIGO is associated with proaddiction adaptive response to chronic nicotine. It has been reported that AMIGO can interact with KCNB1 to form channel complex to mediate schizophrenia-related behavioral domains. It is necessary for the development of neural circuits of zebrafish. Furthermore, AMIGO1 plays a critical role in dendritic outgrowth during development, and it could modulate the adult neurons and survival of developing. AMIGO is specifically expressed on fiber tracts of neuronal tissues and participates in their formation.

Fig.1 Domain organization of representatives (AMIGO1 and other proteins). (Chen, 2006)

Application of AMIGO1 Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Ables J.L., et al. Retrograde inhibition by a specific subset of interpeduncular α5 nicotinic neurons regulates nicotine preference. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017, 114(49): 13012-13017. PubMed ID: 29158387
   
   

   This article shows that AMIGO is associated with proaddiction adaptive responses to chronic nicotine.

2. Peltola M.A., et al. AMIGO-Kv2.1 Potassium Channel Complex Is Associated With Schizophrenia-Related Phenotypes. Schizophr Bull. 2016, 42(1): 191-201. PubMed ID: 26240432
   
   

   This article demonstrates that AMIGO-Kv2.1 channel complex is involved in schizophrenia-related behavioral domains and identifies Kv2.1 (KCNB1) as a susceptibility gene which contributes to schizophrenia spectrum disorders in humans.

3. Zhao X., et al. Amigo adhesion protein regulates development of neural circuits in the zebrafish brain. J Biol Chem. 2014, 289(29): 19958-75. PubMed ID: 24904058
   
   

   This study suggests that Amigo1 is necessary for the development of neural circuits of zebrafish via the mechanism by which regulation of the Kv2.1 channel to form functional neural circuitry and further controls locomotion.

4. Chen Y., et al. AMIGO is expressed in multiple brain cell types and may regulate dendritic growth and neuronal survival. J Cell Physiol. 2012, 227(5): 2217-29. PubMed ID: 21938721
   
   

   This article shows that AMIGO1 plays a critical role in dendritic outgrowth during development, and it could modulate the adult neurons and survival of developing.

5. Kuja-Panula J., et al. AMIGO, a transmembrane protein implicated in axon tract development, defines a novel protein family with leucine-rich repeats. J Cell Biol. 2003, 160(6): 963-73. PubMed ID: 12629050
   
   

   These studies suggest that the members of the AMIGO protein family are novel cell adhesion molecules among which AMIGO is specifically expressed on fiber tracts of neuronal tissues and participates in their formation.

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Reference

1. Chen Y, et al. (2006). AMIGO and friends: an emerging family of brain-enriched, neuronal growth modulating, type I transmembrane proteins with leucine-rich repeats (LRR) and cell adhesion molecule motifs. Brain Res Rev. 51(2): 265-74.

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