C2CD2L Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of C2CD2L

C2CD2L, also known as TMEM24 or DLNB23, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that localizes on sites of contact between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane. The reversible localization is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in response to oscillations in cytosolic calcium. TMEM24 protein plays a key role in the coordination of Ca²⁺ and phosphoinositide signaling. Molecular analysis of TMEM24 identifies it as a pancreatic islet enriched protein that plays a key role in regulating glucose-sensitive insulin release from the reserve pool of granules.

Basic Information of C2CD2L
Protein Name	Phospholipid transfer protein C2CD2L
Gene Name	C2CD2L
Aliases	TMEM24, DLNB23
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	O14523
Transmembrane Times	1
Length (aa)	706
Sequence	MDPGWGQRDVGWAALLILFAASLLTVFAWLLQYARGLWLARARGDRGPGPALAGEPAGSLRELGVWRSLLRLRATRAGAAEEPGVRGLLASLFAFKSFRENWQRAWVRALNEQACRNGSSIQIAFEEVPQLPPRASISHVTCVDQSEHTMVLRCQLSAEEVRFPVSVTQQSPAAVSMETYHVTLTLPPTQLEVNLEEIPGEGLLISWAFTDRPDLSLTVLPKLQARERGEEQVELSTIEELIKDAIVSTQPAMMVNLRACSAPGGLVPSEKPPMMPQAQPAIPRPNRLFLRQLRASHLGNELEGTEELCCVAELDNPMQQKWTKPARAGSEVEWTEDLALDLGPQSRELTLKVLRSSSCGDTELLGQATLPVGSPSRPLSRRQLCPLTPGPGKALGPAATMAVELHYEEGSPRNLGTPTSSTPRPSITPTKKIELDRTIMPDGTIVTTVTTVQSRPRIDGKLDSPSRSPSKVEVTEKTTTVLSESSGPSNTSHSSSRDSHLSNGLDPVAETAIRQLTEPSGRVAKKTPTKRSTLIISGVSKVPIAQDELALSLGYAASLEASVQDDAGTSGGPSSPPSDPPAMSPGPLDALSSPTSVQEADETTRSDISERPSVDDIESETGSTGALETRSLKDHKVSFLRSGTKLIFRRRPRQKEAGLSQSHDDLSNATATPSVRKKAGSFSRRLIKRFSFKSKPKANGNPSPQL

Function of C2CD2L Membrane Protein

TMEM24 is reversibly located on the sites of contact between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane, tethering the two bilayers. It plays a key role in the coordination of Ca²⁺ and phosphoinositide signaling. It can transport phosphatidylinositol from its site of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane. In response to increase of cytosolic Ca²⁺, TMEM24 is phosphorylated and separated from the cell membrane, thereby disrupting the transport of phosphatidylinositol to the cell membrane. In insulin-secreting cells, TMEM24 positively regulates insulin secretion in response to glucose by coordinating Ca²⁺ and phosphoinositide signaling.

C2CD2L Membrane Protein Introduction Fig.1 TMEM24 activity cycle at ER-PM contacts. (Lees, 2017)

Application of C2CD2L Membrane Protein in Literature

Lees J.A., et al. Lipid transport by TMEM24 at ER-plasma membrane contacts regulates pulsatile insulin secretion. Science. 2017, 355(6326): eaah6171. PubMed ID: 28209843

This article demonstrates that TMEM24 participates in regulating insulin secretion by coordinating Ca²⁺ and phosphoinositide signaling pathways in insulin-secreting cells.
Sun E.W., et al. Lipid transporter TMEM24/C2CD2L is a Ca²⁺-regulated component of ER-plasma membrane contacts in mammalian neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019, 116(12): 5775-5784. PubMed ID: 30819882

This study reveals that TMEM24 is abundant in neurons compared with glial cells and its levels increase as neuronal differentiation.
Pottekat A., et al. Insulin biosynthetic interaction network component, TMEM24, facilitates insulin reserve pool release. Cell Rep. 2013, 4(5): 921-930. PubMed ID: 24012759

This investigation demonstrates that TMEM24 is involved in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from a reserve pool of granules and provides an insulin-secreting pathway within cells.
Katoh M., et al. Identification and characterization of TMEM24 family genes in silico. Int J Oncol. 2004, 25(3): 759-764. PubMed ID: 15289880

This article is the first report on identification and characterization of the TMEM24 family.

C2CD2L Preparation Options

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Reference

Lees J A, et al. (2017). Lipid transport by TMEM24 at ER–plasma membrane contacts regulates pulsatile insulin secretion. Science. 355(6326), eaah6171.

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