NPTN Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of NPTN

Neuroplastin, encoded by the NPTN gene, is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The proteins of this family usually contain several extracellular immunoglobulin domains derived from alternative splicing from a single gene, and a single transmembrane and a short intracellular domain. NPTN is enriched in the brain (neuronal and synapse). NPTN may be involved in cell-cell interactions or cell-substrate interactions.

Basic Information of NPTN
Protein Name	Neuroplastin
Gene Name	NPTN
Aliases	Stromal cell-derived receptor 1
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q9Y639
TransmNPTNrane Times	1
Length (aa)	398
Sequence	MSGSSLPSALALSLLLVSGSLLPGPGAAQNAGFVKSPMSETKLTGDAFELYCDVVGSPTPEIQWWYAEVNRAESFRQLWDGARKRRVTVNTAYGSNGVSVLRITRLTLEDSGTYECRASNDPKRNDLRQNPSITWIRAQATISVLQKPRIVTSEEVIIRDSPVLPVTLQCNLTSSSHTLTYSYWTKNGVELSATRKNASNMEYRINKPRAEDSGEYHCVYHFVSAPKANATIEVKAAPDITGHKRSENKNEGQDATMYCKSVGYPHPDWIWRKKENGMPMDIVNTSGRFFIINKENYTELNIVNLQITEDPGEYECNATNAIGSASVVTVLRVRSHLAPLWPFLGILAEIIILVVIIVVYEKRKRPDEVPDDDEPAGPMKTNSTNNHKDKNLRQRNTN

Function of NPTN Membrane Protein

The best-known function of NPTN is to act as a possible heterophilic and homophilic cell adhesion molecule to play a role in long-term potentiation at hippocampal excitatory synapses through activation of the p38-MAPK pathway. It can also regulate the outgrowth of neurite by activating the pathway of FGFR1 signaling to play important roles in synaptic maturation and plasticity. In addition, NPTN is shown to be involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity by regulating the number and function of synapses in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, NPTN may be involved in genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia.

Fig.1 Predicted structure of NPTN in the repository of SWISS-MODEL. (Bienert, 2017)

Application of NPTN Membrane Protein in Literature

Beesley P.W., et al. The Neuroplastin adhesion molecules: key regulators of neuronal plasticity and synaptic function. eLife. 2014, 131(3): 268-83. PubMed ID: 25040546

This review generalizes the roles of Neuroplastins for correct localization of synaptic membrane protein, expression of LTP and LTD, neuronal energy supply, pathophysiology, and disease, as well as animal and human behavior. Its content focuses mainly on signaling mechanisms and Neuroplastin binding partners and proposes viewpoints for further research.
Mlinac K., et al. Neuroplastin expression in the hippocampus of mice lacking complex gangliosides. J Mol Neurosci. 2012, 48(1): 161-6. PubMed ID: 22638855

This article reports the changes of neuroplastin expression in the B4galnt1 null mice hippocampus, which do not have the complex ganglioside structures in comparison with wild-type mice. However, the expression of neuroplastin mRNA is significantly higher in the hippocampi of B4galnt1 null mice than in wild-type mice.
Zeng W.Z., et al. Neuroplastin Isoform Np55 Is Expressed in the Stereocilia of Outer Hair Cells and Required for Normal Outer Hair Cell Function. J Neurosci. 2016, 36(35): 9201-16. PubMed ID: 27581460

This article demonstrates that neuroplastin is indispensable for amplification of sound and that polymorphism in neuroplastin leads to impairment of auditory in mice.
Wilson M.C., et al. The neuroplastin adhesion molecules are accessory proteins that chaperone the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 to the neuronal cell surface. PLoS One. 2013, 8(11): e78654. PubMed ID: 24260123

This article strongly suggests that neuroplastins function as crucial auxiliary proteins for MCT2 localization in cell surface and activity in some neuronal populations, thus having a significant role in promoting the lactate uptake for use as a respiratory fuel.
Owczarek S. and Berezin V. Neuroplastin: cell adhesion molecule and signaling receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012, 44(1): 1-5. PubMed ID: 22036663

This article reviews the neuroplastin structure and mechanisms involved in neuroplastin signaling and discusses the functions of neuroplastins in the nervous system.

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Reference

Bienert S, et al. (2017). The SWISS-MODEL Repository - new features and functionality. Nucleic Acids Res. 45: D313-D319.

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