STX8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX8 gene. It is expressed in mouse and human platelets and localizes to the membrane fraction of platelets. STX8 is a 27-kDa protein that appears to be necessary for the transport from early to late endosomes. STX8 contains in its C-terminal half a coiled-coil domain found highly conserved in the tSNARE (soluble NSF attachment proteins receptor) superfamily of proteins.
Basic Information of STX8 | |
Protein Name | Syntaxin-8 |
Gene Name | STX8 |
Aliases | CARB |
Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) |
UniProt ID | O15400 |
Transmembrane Times | 1 |
Length (aa) | 236 |
Sequence | MAPDPWFSTYDSTCQIAQEIAEKIQQRNQYERKGEKAPKLTVTIRALLQNLKEKIALLKDLLLRAVSTHQITQLEGDRRQNLLDDLVTRERLLLASFKNEGAEPDLIRSSLMSEEAKRGAPNPWLFEEPEETRGLGFDEIRQQQQKIIQEQDAGLDALSSIISRQKQMGQEIGNELDEQNEIIDDLANLVENTDEKLRNETRRVNMVDRKSASCGMIMVILLLLVAIVVVAVWPTN |
Among the SNARE family, syntaxins (STXs) belong to a subfamily of target-SNAREs stationed at the target membrane. The SNARE domain of STXs consists of a highly conserved coiled-coil domain and mediates the trafficking and targeting of intracellular vesicles. STXs also interact with a wide range of plasma membrane proteins and regulate their intracellular trafficking, including sodium channel, voltage-gated potassium channel, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. STX8 is a member of the Q-SNARE family which mediates membrane fusion through interactions with their cognate R-SNARE partners to form organelle-specific docking and fusion complexes in eukaryotic cells. A recent study suggested that STX8 regulated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channels trafficking and its chloride transport activity. STX8 siRNA decreased the cell surface localization of CLDN16 and permeability to Mg2+ in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells expressing FLAG-tagged CLDN16. Furthermore, STX8 siRNA decreased the recycling of CLDN16 to the plasma membrane without affecting endocytosis.
Fig.1 Structure of STX8.
Results of this investigation concluded Stx8 participated in proper and timely sorting and trafficking of cytotoxic molecules to functional lytic granules through the endosomal pathway in human cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
This research reported that increased STX8 levels in visceral adipose tissue might be associated with the occurrence of T2D in obese patients.
Authors found that STX8 regulated granule release from platelets, therefore mediating platelet function in thrombosis and hemostasis.
This investigation found that STX8 facilitated the TrkA transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane and mediated the surface levels of TrkA.
Results of this study revealed that lacking STX8 function reduced the trafficking of CLDN16, suggesting STX8 plays an essential role in CLDN16 trafficking machinery in the kidney.
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