XPR1 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of XPR1

XPR1 gene encodes the xenotropic and polytropic virus receptor 1, which is a cell-surface multipass membrane protein. This gene contains an SPX domain with 180 residues length and is found at the amino terminus of a variety of proteins. It is a highly conserved protein with orthologs in animals, plants, and unicellular organisms, laying a role at many levels of phosphate regulation, from transport to transcriptional modulation. The gene is widely expressed in spleen, lymph node, thymus, leukocytes, bone marrow, heart, kidney, pancreas, and skeletal muscle.

Basic Information of XPR1
Protein Name	Xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1
Gene Name	XPR1, SYG1, XR
Aliases	Protein SYG1 homolog, Xenotropic, and polytropic murine leukemia virus receptor X3 (X-receptor)
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q9UBH6
Transmembrane Times	8
Length (aa)	696
Sequence	MKFAEHLSAHITPEWRKQYIQYEAFKDMLYSAQDQAPSVEVTDEDTVKRYFAKFEEKFFQTCEKELAKINTFYSEKLAEAQRRFATLQNELQSSLDAQKESTGVTTLRQRRKPVFHLSHEERVQHRNIKDLKLAFSEFYLSLILLQNYQNLNFTGFRKILKKHDKILETSRGADWRVAHVEVAPFYTCKKINQLISETEAVVTNELEDGDRQKAMKRLRVPPLGAAQPAPAWTTFRVGLFCGIFIVLNITLVLAAVFKLETDRSIWPLIRIYRGGFLLIEFLFLLGINTYGWRQAGVNHVLIFELNPRSNLSHQHLFEIAGFLGILWCLSLLACFFAPISVIPTYVYPLALYGFMVFFLINPTKTFYYKSRFWLLKLLFRVFTAPFHKVGFADFWLADQLNSLSVILMDLEYMICFYSLELKWDESKGLLPNNSEESGICHKYTYGVRAIVQCIPAWLRFIQCLRRYRDTKRAFPHLVNAGKYSTTFFMVTFAALYSTHKERGHSDTMVFFYLWIVFYIISSCYTLIWDLKMDWGLFDKNAGENTFLREEIVYPQKAYYYCAIIEDVILRFAWTIQISITSTTLLPHSGDIIATVFAPLEVFRRFVWNFFRLENEHLNNCGEFRAVRDISVAPLNADDQTLLEQMMDQDDGVRNRQKNRSWKYNQSISLRRPRLASQSKARDTKVLIEDTDDEANT

Function of XPR1 Membrane Protein

XPR1 is actively expressed in neuronal stem cells in the human brain. Direct involvement of XPR1 in phosphate export and its expression pattern in the brain support its role in cerebral phosphate homeostasis. XPR1 is also suggested as a receptor-interacting with the beta subunit of G protein and mediates the activation of the adenylate cyclase system. XPR1 binds inositol hexakisphosphate (Ins6P) and similar inositol polyphosphates, such as 5-diphospho-inositol pentakisphosphate (5-InsP7); these are important intracellular signaling molecules. XPR1 mutations are a scarce cause of primary familial brain calcification and may be responsible for parkinsonism.

XPR1 Membrane Protein Introduction Fig.1 Schematic of Pi transport and proposed model of SLC20A2 function. (Keasey, 2016)

Application of XPR1 Membrane Protein in Literature

Wege S. and Poirier Y. Expression of the mammalian Xenotropic Polytropic Virus Receptor 1 (XPR1) in tobacco leaves leads to phosphate export. FEBS Lett. 2014, 588(3): 482-9. PubMed ID: 24374333

This article finds that identification of XPR1 as a phosphate exporter will add an important new tool enabling more thorough analysis of the regulation and the role of Pi efflux on organ development and physiology in metazoans.
Legati A., et al. Mutations in XPR1 cause primary familial brain calcification associated with altered phosphate export. Nature Genetics. 2015, 47(6): 579-81. PubMed ID: 25938945

This article suggests XPR1 as a novel gene associated with PFBC and provides new insights into the role of phosphate homeostasis in PFBC etiology.
Martin C., et al. The avian XPR1 gammaretrovirus receptor is under positive selection and is disabled in bird species in contact with virus-infected wild mice. Journal of Virology. 2013, 87(18): 10094-104. PubMed ID: 23843647

This article suggests that the evolution of XPR1 gene has been driven by genetic conflicts centered on codons implicated in virus restriction, and this is consistent with an antiviral function for this gene in birds.
Oliveira J.R. and Oliveira J.R. XPR1: A Gene Linked to Primary Familial Brain Calcification Might Help Explain a Spectrum of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 2015, 57(4): 519-21. PubMed ID: 26231937

This article reveals that there is much to be learned about XPR1 and its role in neurodegenerations.
Anheim M., et al. XPR1 mutations are a rare cause of primary familial brain calcification. J Neurol. 2016, 263(8): 1559-64. PubMed ID: 27230854

This article suggests that loss of XPR1-mediated phosphate export function causes PFBC, occurring in less than 8% of cases negative for the other genes, and may be responsible for parkinsonism.

XPR1 Preparation Options

Membrane protein studies have advanced significantly over the past few years. Based on our versatile Magic™ membrane protein production platform, we could offer a series of membrane protein preparation services for worldwide customers in reconstitution forms as well as multiple active formats. Aided by our versatile Magic™ anti-membrane protein antibody discovery platform, we also provide customized anti-XPR1 antibody development services.

During the past years, Creative Biolabs has successfully generated many functional membrane proteins for our global customers. We are happy to accelerate the development of our clients’ programs with our one-stop, custom-oriented service. For more detailed information, please feel free to contact us.

Reference

Keasey M P, et al. (2016). Vitamin-D receptor agonist calcitriol reduces calcification in vitro through selective upregulation of SLC20A2 but not SLC20A1 or XPR1. Scientific Reports. 6: 25802.

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