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Overview
Rhabdomyosarcoma in children is a rare cancerous tumor that arises in the soft tissue of the body, includes muscles, fibrous tissues, tendons, blood vessels, and synovial tissues. There are two major types of rhabdomyosarcoma: Embryonal and Alveolar. The former is diagnosed most often in children younger than 5, or even be present at birth, which often affects the head and neck, bladder, vagina or prostate and testicles, usually with an abnormality of chromosome 11. The later type, which is seen at any age, often affects the large muscles of the arms, legs and trunk. The chromosome material rearrangement between chromosomes 2 and 13 may be the possible reason, which involves the disfunction of two genes, PAX3 and FKHR. For unclear mechanism, females are affected slightly less than males.
Signs, symptoms and treatments
Similar to other cancers, the rhabdomyosarcoma symptoms vary depending on the location of the tumor, which may include: a lump or swelling that does not go away, constipation, numbness, headaches, protrusion of the eye, bleeding from the nose, vagina or rectum. Treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma may be carried out alone or in combination. Today, with the most advance surgical technique, tumor could be removed as much as possible. Meanwhile, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, lumbar puncture or/and autologous bone marrow transplant can also be very helpful to get good clinical therapeutic effect.
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