FSHR Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of FSHR

FSHR, also known as follitropin receptor, FSH-R, LGR1, FSHR1, FSHRO or ODG1, is a 78.2 kDa protein with seven membrane-spanning domains (or transmembrane helices) that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. It is composed of 695 amino acids and is encoded by the gene of chromosome 2p16.3. The FSHR gene is 192 kb in size and consists of ten exons and nine introns. Most of extracellular domains are coded by nine exons, ranging in length from 69 to 251 bp, while the C-terminal part of the extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, and intracellular domain are coded by the large exon of 1234 bp. The structure of the human FSHR shows prominent similarity to that of the previously featured rat FSHR gene, with a high extent of conservation in exon sizes and exon/intron junctions.

Function of FSHR Membrane Protein

FSHR is a receptor for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and plays a role in gonad development. FSH and LH are regulated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone and in turn under the regulation of gonadal functions in males and females through activating their cognate receptors. FSHR along with other glycoprotein hormone receptors make up a subgroup of G-protein-coupled receptors. FSH binds to its receptors expressed on the surface of granulosa cells in the ovary and Sertoli cells in the testis to lead to folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis, respectively. FSH is crucial for normal reproductive function and brings about its physiological actions by activating a specific receptor of target cells. The role of FSHR is essential for the estradiol production and follicular development in females, as well as for the regulation of Sertoli cell action and spermatogenesis in males. Some studies show that mutations of this gene will cause ovarian dysgenesis type 1 and also ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Fig.1 Protein structure of FSHR.

Application of FSHR Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Kong D., et al. Expression of FSHR in chondrocytes and the effect of FSH on chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018, 495(1): 587-593. PubMed ID: 29133260
   
   

   It is known that in the ovary, the function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is mediated by the FSH receptor (FSHR). FSHR is found in many non-ovarian tissues, but it is not clear if chondrocytes express FSHR. This study determines that human articular cartilage and mouse chondrocytes can express functional FSHR.

2. Stilley J.A.W., et al. Deletion of fetoplacental Fshr inhibits fetal vessel angiogenesis in the mouse placenta. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018, 15;476:79-83. PubMed ID: 29715497
   
   

   The findings of this review derive from the combination of in vivo and genetic methods conclusively displayed that signaling through endothelial FSHR does indeed is able to stimulate angiogenesis and the placental Fshr is crucial for the normal angiogenesis of fetal placental vasculatures.

3. André G.M., et al. The Impact of FSHR Gene Polymorphisms Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser in the Endometriosis Development. DNA Cell Biol. 2018, 37(6):584-591. PubMed ID: 29683332
   
   

   Authors investigate the influence of FSHR Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser polymorphisms in the risk of endometriosis cases. The results suggest that 680Ser-Ser/GG genotype and "GG/307Ala680Ser" haplotype elevate the risk of fertile women endometriosis, whereas "GA/307Ala680Asn" type can decrease the risk of endometriosis development.

4. Zhuandi G., et al. FSH receptor binding inhibitor restrains follicular development and possibly attenuates carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer through down-regulating expression levels of FSHR and ERβ in normal ovarian tissues. Gene. 2018, 668:174-181. PubMed ID: 29783074
   
   

   The article discovers that a high dose of FRBI (30-40 mg/kg) can suppress follicular and ovarian development, and attenuate the expression of ERβ and FSHR mRNAs and proteins in the ovary. Taken together, FRBI may be used to suppress the carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer by downregulating the overexpression of FSHR and ERβ in the ovary.

5. Zhu K., et al. Role of RAB5A in FSHR-mediated signal transduction in human granulosa cells. Reproduction. 2018, 55(6): 505-514. PubMed ID: 29626103
   
   

   The paper finds that RAB5A negatively regulates the aromatase expression and estradiol synthesis in human granulosa cells in correlation with changes in FSHR levels by the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Conclusively, RAB5A gene is expressed abnormally in luteinized granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome patients, which possibly helps to explain the high FSHR level in this disease.

FSHR Preparation Options

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