GPR83 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of GPR83

Probable G-protein coupled receptor 83 (GPR83) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR83 gene. GPR83 is an orphan receptor belonging to the rhodopsin-like or family A of GPCRs, which is by far the largest subfamily of GPCRs and includes several receptors implicated in the regulation of systemic metabolism, such as the ghrelin receptor (Ghsr1a) and the orexin receptors 1 and 2 (Ox1r and Ox2r). Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity and neuropeptide Y receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is TACR1.

Basic Information of GPR83
Protein Name	Probable G-protein coupled receptor 83
Gene Name	GPR83
Aliases	G-protein coupled receptor 72, GPR72, KIAA1540
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q9NYM4
Transmembrane Times	7
Length (aa)	423
Sequence	MVPHLLLLCLLPLVRATEPHEGRADEQSAEAALAVPNASHFFSWNNYTFSDWQNFVGRRRYGAESQNPTVKALLIVAYSFIIVFSLFGNVLVCHVIFKNQRMHSATSLFIVNLAVADIMITLLNTPFTLVRFVNSTWIFGKGMCHVSRFAQYCSLHVSALTLTAIAVDRHQVIMHPLKPRISITKGVIYIAVIWTMATFFSLPHAICQKLFTFKYSEDIVRSLCLPDFPEPADLFWKYLDLATFILLYILPLLIISVAYARVAKKLWLCNMIGDVTTEQYFALRRKKKKTIKMLMLVVVLFALCWFPLNCYVLLLSSKVIRTNNALYFAFHWFAMSSTCYNPFIYCWLNENFRIELKALLSMCQRPPKPQEDRPPSPVPSFRVAWTEKNDGQRAPLANNLLPTSQLQSGKTDLSSVEPIVTMS

Function of GPR83 Membrane Protein

GPR83 was originally identified as a glucocorticoid-induced transcript in a murine T cell line and, therefore, was referred to as glucocorticoid-induced receptor. Induction of GPR83 mRNA expression following dexamethasone or amphetamine treatment suggests a possible role in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. This possibility is further supported by the observation that GPR83 is expressed in hypothalamic nuclei that govern energy balance, such as the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the paraventricular nucleus and the lateral hypothalamic area. GPR83 is expressed in hypothalamic nuclei relevant for energy metabolism control and as a potential modulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis might also be relevant for systems metabolism. The G protein-coupled receptor 83 is widely expressed in brain regions regulating energy metabolism. It has multiple ghrelin-dependent and ghrelin-independent roles in the regulation of systemic energy metabolism.

Fig.1 Gpr83 abundance in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. (Müller, 2013)

Application of GPR83 Membrane Protein in Literature

Müller T.D., et al. The orphan receptor Gpr83 regulates systemic energy metabolism via ghrelin-dependent and ghrelin-independent mechanisms. Nat Commun. 2013, 4: 1968. PubMed ID: 23744028

The article reports that Gpr83 not only modulates ghrelin action but also regulates systemic metabolism through other ghrelin-independent pathways.
Gomes I., et al. Identification of GPR83 as the receptor for the neuroendocrine peptide PEN. Sci Signal. 2016, 9(425): ra43. PubMed ID: 27117253

The findings suggest that two ligand-receptor systems-PEN-GPR83 and bigLEN-GPR171-may be functionally coupled in the regulation of feeding.
Müller A., et al. G-protein coupled receptor 83 (GPR83) signaling determined by constitutive and zinc(II)-induced activity. PLoS One. 2013, 8(1): e53347. PubMed ID: 23335960

The study gains insights into the molecular underpinnings underlying GPR83 signaling. The results indicate that mGPR83 forms homodimers, which extend the current knowledge and molecular facets of GPR83 signaling.
Dubins J.S., et al. Downregulation of GPR83 in the hypothalamic preoptic area reduces core body temperature and elevates circulating levels of adiponectin. Metabolism. 2012, 61(10): 1486-93. PubMed ID: 22560055

Authors in this group find that GPR83 may participate in central thermoregulation and the central control of circulating adiponectin. Down-regulation of GPR83 in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus reduces core body temperature and increases circulating levels of adiponectin.
Hansen W., et al. Inflammation in vivo is modulated by GPR83 isoform-4 but not GPR83 isoform-1 expression in regulatory T cells. Genes Immun. 2010, 11(4): 357-61. PubMed ID: 20200545

This article reveals that the 20 additional amino acids within GPR83 isoform-4 are involved in Treg induction during inflammatory immune responses.

GPR83 Preparation Options

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Reference

Müller T.D., et al. (2013). The orphan receptor Gpr83 regulates systemic energy metabolism via ghrelin-dependent and ghrelin-independent mechanisms. Nat Commun. 4: 1968.

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