GPR88 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of GPR88

Probable G-protein coupled receptor 88 (GPR88) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR88 gene. Among its related pathways are GPCRs, Other. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity. A previous study found that GPR88 plays an important role in the physiology of dorsal striatal projection neurons and in behaviors involving this brain region.

Basic Information of GPR88
Protein Name	Probable G-protein coupled receptor 88
Gene Name	GPR88
Aliases	Striatum-specific G-protein coupled receptor, STRG
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q9GZN0
Transmembrane Times	7
Length (aa)	384
Sequence	MTNSSSTSTSSTTGGSLLLLCEEEESWAGRRIPVSLLYSGLAIGGTLANGMVIYLVSSFRKLQTTSNAFIVNGCAADLSVCALWMPQEAVLGLLPTGSAEPPADWDGAGGSYRLLRGGLLGLGLTVSLLSHCLVALNRYLLITRAPATYQALYQRRHTAGMLALSWALALGLVLLLPPWAPRPGAAPPRVHYPALLAAAALLAQTALLLHCYLGIVRRVRVSVKRVSVLNFHLLHQLPGCAAAAAAFPGAQHAPGPGGAAHPAQAQPLPPALHPRRAQRRLSGLSVLLLCCVFLLATQPLVWVSLASGFSLPVPWGVQAASWLLCCALSALNPLLYTWRNEEFRRSVRSVLPGVGDAAAAAVAATAVPAVSQAQLGTRAAGQHW

Function of GPR88 Membrane Protein

The GPR88 gene is a G protein-coupled receptor found almost exclusively in the striatum, a brain structure that controls motor function and cognition. Defects in this gene are related to learning difficulties, speech delay, some neuropsychiatric disorders, and chorea. Probable G-protein coupled receptor implicated in a large repertoire of behavioral responses that engage motor activities, spatial learning, and emotional processing and may play a role in the regulation of cognitive and motor function. Several diseases are associated with GPR88, such as chorea, Childhood-Onset, With Psychomotor Retardation.

Fig.1 Knockout of GPR88 leads to hyperexcitation and more regular firing patterns in striatal MSNs, as well as impairment in cued response learning. (Lovinger, 2012)

Application of GPR88 Membrane Protein in Literature

Arefin T.M., et al. Remodeling of Sensorimotor Brain Connectivity in Gpr88-Deficient Mice. Brain Connect. 2017, 7(8): 526-540. PubMed ID: 28882062

The article reports that GPR88 activity shapes the mouse brain functional and structural connectome. Connectivity alterations and behavior deficits were observed in Gpr88-deficient mice.
Rainwater A., et al. Striatal GPR88 Modulates Foraging Efficiency. J Neurosci. 2017, 37(33): 7939-7947. PubMed ID: 28729439

The article points out that the expression of GPR88 is crucial to efficiently integrate effort and energy density information guiding instrumental selection. Both humans and mice with nonfunctional GPR88 have been shown to present striatal dysfunctions and impaired learning.
Meirsman A.C., et al. GPR88 in A2AR Neurons Enhances Anxiety-Like Behaviors. eNeuro. 2016, 3(4). PubMed ID: 27570825

Authors in this group found that Gpr88 expressed in A2AR neurons enhances ethological anxiety-like behaviors without affecting conflict anxiety and fear responses.
Massart R., et al. Developmental and adult expression patterns of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR88 in the rat: Establishment of a dual nuclear-cytoplasmic localization. J Comp Neurol. 2016, 524(14): 2776-802. PubMed ID: 26918661

This article focuses on the developmental and adult expression patterns of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR88 in the rat. The results suggest that nonclassical GPCR modes of action of GPR88 could be relevant for cortical development and psychiatric disorders.
Meirsman A.C., et al. Mice Lacking GPR88 Show Motor Deficit, Improved Spatial Learning, and Low Anxiety Reversed by Delta Opioid Antagonist. Biol Psychiatry. 2016, 79(11): 917-27. PubMed ID: 26188600

This article reports that GPR88 is implicated in a large repertoire of behavioral responses that engage motor activity, spatial learning, and emotional processing, which indicates that the therapeutic potential of GPR88 may extend to cognitive and anxiety disorders.

GPR88 Preparation Options

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Reference

Lovinger D.M. (2012). New twist on orphan receptor GPR88 function. Nat Neurosci. 15(11): 1469-70.

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