GPRC5A Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of GPRC5A

Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 (GPRC5A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5A gene. GPRC5A is one of the few genes known in the literature that are post-transcriptionally controlled by miRNAs through their 5'UTR. GPRC5A is a member of the type 3 G protein-coupling receptor family, which is characterized by the signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to GPRC5A include G-protein coupled receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is GPRC5D. GPRC5A is an orphan receptor that may be involved in modulating differentiation and maintaining homeostasis of epithelial cells. This retinoic acid-inducible GPCR provides evidence for possible interactions between retinoid and G-protein signaling pathways.

Basic Information of GPRC5A
Protein Name	G-protein coupled family C group 5 member A
Gene Name	GPRC5A
Aliases	PEIG-1, RAIG-1, RAI3, RAIG1
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q8NFJ5
Transmembrane Times	7
Length (aa)	357
Sequence	MATTVPDGCRNGLKSKYYRLCDKAEAWGIVLETVATAGVVTSVAFMLTLPILVCKVQDSN RRKMLPTQFLFLLGVLGIFGLTFAFIIGLDGSTGPTRFFLFGILFSICFSCLLAHAVSLT KLVRGRKPLSLLVILGLAVGFSLVQDVIAIEYIVLTMNRTNVNVFSELSAPRRNEDFVLL LTYVLFLMALTFLMSSFTFCGSFTGWKRHGAHIYLTMLLSIAIWVAWITLLMLPDFDRRW DDTILSSALAANGWVFLLAYVSPEFWLLTKQRNPMDYPVEDAFCKPQLVKKSYGVENRAY SQEEITQGFEETGDTLYAPYSTHFQLQNQPPQKEFSIPRAHAWPSPYKDYEVKKEGS

Function of GPRC5A Membrane Protein

GPRC5A plays a key role in embryonic development and epithelial cell differentiation. GPRC5A is dysregulated in many human diseases such as cancer. Several diseases are associated with GPRC5A such as lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Among its related pathways are GPCRs, Class C metabotropic glutamate, pheromone, and neuroscience. Moreover, GPRC5A plays an important role in adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Inhibition of GPRC5A in hASCs reduced the expression of β-catenin, and lithium chloride which can activate the β-catenin pathway abolished the effect of RAI3 knockdown on the adipogenesis.

Fig.1 A schematic model for the gemcitabine treatment enhancing GPRC5A expression with the help of HuR in a pancreatic cancer cell. (Zhou, 2016)

Application of GPRC5A Membrane Protein in Literature

Jin C., et al. RAI3 knockdown promotes adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by decreasing β-catenin levels. BiochemBiophys Res Commun. 2017, 493(1): 618-624. PubMed ID: 28870805

Authors in this group find that inhibition of RAI3 in hASCs reduced the expression of β-catenin, which suggests that RAI3 plays an important role in adipogenesis of hASCs.
Zhang L., et al. Elevation of GPRC5A expression in colorectal cancer promotes tumor progression through VNN-1 induced oxidative stress. Int J Cancer. 2017, 140(12): 2734-2747. PubMed ID: 28316092

The article reveals an unexpected oncogenic role of GPRC5A in colorectal cancer. The result suggests that there are complicated functional and molecular mechanism differences of this gene in distinct tissues.
Jahny E., et al. The G protein-coupled receptor RAI3 is an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer survival and regulates proliferation via STAT3 phosphorylation. PLoS One. 2017, 12(1): e0170390. PubMed ID: 28114355

The article reports that the inhibition of GPRC5a leads to decreased cell growth, proliferation and migration in pancreatic cancer cell lines through a STAT3 modulated pathway. RAI3 is an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer survival.
Yang L., et al. GPRC5A exerts its tumor-suppressive effects in breast cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR and its downstream pathway. Oncol Rep. 2016, 36(5): 2983-2990. PubMed ID: 27599526

The article demonstrates that GPRC5A is a tumor suppressor in EGFR-expressing breast cancer cells. GPRC5A exerts its tumor-suppressive function by inhibiting EGFR and its downstream pathway.
Zhou H., et al. GPRC5A is a potential oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells that is upregulated by gemcitabine with help from HuR. Cell Death Dis. 2016, 7: e2294. PubMed ID: 27415424

This article reports that GPRC5A is a potential oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. With the help from HuR, GPRC5A is upregulated by gemcitabine.

GPRC5A Preparation Options

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Reference

Zhou H, et al. (2016). GPRC5A is a potential oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells that is upregulated by gemcitabine with help from HuR. Cell Death Dis. 7: e2294.

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