NTSR2 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of NTR2

The neurotensin receptor family is composed of three subtypes, NTS1, NTS2, and NTS3. Neurotensin receptor type 2 (NTSR2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTSR2 gene. This protein also belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Its related pathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity and G-protein coupled neurotensin receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is NTSR1.

Basic Information of NTR2
Protein Name	Neurotensin receptor type 2
Gene Name	NTSR2
Aliases	NT-R-2, NTR2, Levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin receptor
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	O95665
Transmembrane Times	7
Length (aa)	410
Sequence	METSSPRPPRPSSNPGLSLDARLGVDTRLWAKVLFTALYALIWALGAAGNALSAHVVLKARAGRAGRLRHHVLSLALAGLLLLLVGVPVELYSFVWFHYPWVFGDLGCRGYYFVHELCAYATVLSVAGLSAERCLAVCQPLRARSLLTPRRTRWLVALSWAASLGLALPMAVIMGQKHELETADGEPEPASRVCTVLVSRTALQVFIQVNVLVSFVLPLALTAFLNGVTVSHLLALCSQVPSTSTPGSSTPSRLELLSEEGLLSFIVWKKTFIQGGQVSLVRHKDVRRIRSLQRSVQVLRAIVVMYVICWLPYHARRLMYCYVPDDAWTDPLYNFYHYFYMVTNTLFYVSSAVTPLLYNAVSSSFRKLFLEAVSSLCGEHHPMKRLPPKPQSPTLMDTASGFGDPPETRT

Function of NTSR2 Membrane Protein

NTSR2 activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Binding and pharmacological studies demonstrate that this receptor binds neurotensin as well as several other ligands already described for neurotensin NT1 receptor. And some study showed NTR1 and NTSR2 mRNA was not detected in either pituitary adenomas or normal tissue. However, unlike NT1 receptor, NTSR2 recognizes, with high affinity, levocabastine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist previously shown to compete with neurotensin for low-affinity binding sites in the brain. These activities suggest that NTSR2 may be of physiological importance and that a natural agonist for the receptor may exist.

Fig.1 Structure of Neurotensin receptor.

Application of NTSR2 Membrane Protein in Literature

Hwang J.R., et al. Intermolecular cross-talk between NTR1 and NTR2 neurotensin receptor promotes intracellular sequestration and functional inhibition of NTR1 receptors. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2010, 391(1): 1007-13. PubMed ID: 19968961

This article provided direct evidence for heterodimerization of human neurotensin type 1 receptor (hNTR1) and type 2 receptor (hNTSR2). Their study proposed a novel function of NTSR2 in the regulation of NTR1 activity.
Saada S., et al. Differential expression of neurotensin and specific receptors, NTSR1 and NTSR2, in normal and malignant human B lymphocytes. Journal of immunology. 2012, 189(11): 5293-303. PubMed ID: 23109725

This article showed two specific neurotensin receptors, NTSR1 and NTSR2, were shown to be expressed by human B cell lines. And a quantitative study of gene expression in two malignant B cell diseases showed that NTSR2 was overexpressed, NTSR1 decreased, and neurotensin was unexpressed in B cell leukemia patient's cells, as compared with healthy B cells.
Swift S.L., et al. Altered expression of neurotensin receptors is associated with the differentiation state of prostate cancer. Cancer research. 2010, 70(1): 347-56. PubMed ID: 20048080.

This article supported the use of NTRs as tools for therapeutic targeting in prostate cancers composed of both poorly differentiated and/or well-differentiated cells.
Kim J.T., et al. Diverse expression patterns and tumorigenic role of neurotensin signaling components in colorectal cancer cells. International journal of oncology. 2017, 50(6): 2200-6. PubMed ID: 28498396.

In this article, they investigated the expression profiles and cellular functions of the NTSRs, they showed that expression levels for NTS and NTSR1 varied, that NTSR2 expression was not detectable and that NTSR3 was consistently expressed in all CRC cell lines examined. And their findings identified promoter methylation as an important process regulating the differential expression or silencing of NTSR1/2 in CRC cells.
Giorgi R.R., et al. Expression of neurotensin and its receptors in pituitary adenomas. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2008, 20(9): 1052-7, PubMed ID: 18624930.

This article evaluated the expression of NT and its receptors NTR1, 2 and 3, they found NTR3 mRNA expression was observed. By contrast, NTR1 and NTSR2 mRNA were not detected in either pituitary adenomas or normal tissue.

NTSR2 Preparation Options

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