SSTR5 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of SSTR5

SSTR5 (Somatostatin Receptor 5) is a protein that in human is encoded by the SSTR5 gene, which lacks introns within its coding sequence, and hence, the splicing variants identified are generated by non-canonical splicing events. SSTR5 and its truncated splicing variants (sst5TMD5, sst5TMD4) are suggested putative biomarkers that are enable to predict pharmacological response or aggressiveness in a variety of endocrine-related pathologies, such as acromegaly. SSTR5 belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily (GPCR) and is a member of the somatostatin receptor protein family.

Function of SSTR5 Membrane Protein

Somatostatin, also known as SRIF (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), is an endogenous cyclic 14 amino acid polypeptide (SRIF-14, a tetradecapeptide). And somatostatins are peptide hormones that regulate diverse cellular functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibiting the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. It consists of 5 subtypes, in which SST5 is the receptor for somatostatin 28 and to a lesser extent for somatostatin-14. Besides, SSTR5 is associated with diseases, including Pituitary Adenoma, Pituitary Adenoma, as well as Prolactin-Secreting. In addition, SSTR3 is an important paralog of SSTR5.

Fig.1 Structure of SSTR5 membrane protein.

Application of SSTR5 Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Song K.B., et al. Prognostic Value of Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Pancreas. 2016, 45(2):187-92. PubMed ID: 26474434
   
   

   The aim of this article was to determine the expression of the SSTR subtypes via immunohistochemistry analyses and assess the correlation between SSTR subtype expression and prognosis. And data showed that the distribution of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes among the 199 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) was: SSTR2 (54.8%), SSTR1 (53.3%), SSTR4 (51.8%), SSTR5 (33.7%), and SSTR3 (28.6%).

2. Nakayama Y., et al. Profiling of somatostatin receptor subtype expression by quantitative PCR and correlation with clinicopathological features in pancreatic endocrine tumors. Pancreas. 2010, 39(8):1147-54. PubMed ID: 20717067.
   
   

   In this paper, they explore the correlation between the SSTR subtype messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and clinicopathological features of PET. And the data also shows that the mRNA levels of SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 were high in PET compared with AC, whereas the expression of SSTR4 was low in PET and AC.

3. Casarini A.P., et al. Acromegaly: correlation between expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes and response to octreotide-lar treatment. Pituitary. 2009, 12(4):297-303. PubMed ID: 19330452.
   
   

   This article analyzed 39 somatotrophinomas patients treated with somatostain analogs, and found the most expressed SSTR was SSTR5, SSTR3, SSTR2, SSTR1, and SSTR4, respectively.

4. Yu B., et al. Clinical Importance of Somatostatin Receptor 2 (SSTR2) and Somatostatin Receptor 5 (SSTR5) Expression in Thyrotropin-Producing Pituitary Adenoma (TSHoma). Medical science monitor. 2017, 23:1947-55. PubMed ID: 28434012
   
   

   This article shows IHC of SSTR subtypes in the different cohorts and SSTR2 staining intensity scores higher than SSTR5 in TSHoma, acromegaly and prolactinoma, whereas the expression of SSTR5 was stronger than SSTR2 in corticotropinoma and NFPA. And short-term response to OCT therapy may be related to the expression of SSTR5.

5. Gonzalez B., et al. Cytoplasmic expression of SSTR2 and 5 by immunohistochemistry and by RT/PCR is not associated with the pharmacological response to octreotide. Endocrinologia y nutricion. 2014, 61(10):523-30. PubMed ID: 25008035.
   
   

   SSTR5 was the predominantly expressed receptor subtype in the cytoplasm of all GH-secreting adenomas tested, regardless of whether they came from octreotide-naive, octreotide-responsive, or octreotide-resistant patients. SSTR5 mRNA predominance was significant only in octreotide treated patients. Its expression was not correlated with baseline or post-octreotide GH or IGF-1 levels or tumor volume.

SSTR5 Preparation Options

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