Immunologic analysis has played an important role in drug screening and development, as well as in safety assessment. As a service provider in immunogenicity testing, Creative Biolabs is dedicated to offering a wide spectrum of SIAT® 3D tissue models services to illustrate the drug-disease bioactivity and mechanism of action. With our extensive experience and advanced platform, we have won a good reputation among our worldwide customers for successfully accomplishing numerous challenging projects in this filed. We guarantee the finest results for our customers all over the world.

Introduction to 3D Tissue Models

Various immune responses in specific tissues or organs have been observed in a number of diseases. Pilot studies have also demonstrated that these responses play an important role in regulating disease progress and drug efficacy. Although humanized or transgenic animal models have been developed to investigate human disease pathology, the data derived from many studies have shown that the mechanism of human diseases can not be completely simulated by these models. As a consequence, a wide collection of cell model technologies have been generated for evaluating cell biology in vitro, including two-dimensional (2D) cell models and three-dimensional (3D) tissue models.

Recent researchers have revealed that the 3D tissue model is an effective strategy for assessing the cell function at tissue or organ levels. In general, this method can create novel 3D organ-level structures basing on different engineered constructs, such as chemical cues. In recent years, the 3D tissue model has shown its potential in the field of drug screening, disease therapy, and immunologic analysis. In order to improve the expression of tissues, a series of microfabrication techniques, for example, lithography, microcontact printing, as well as 3D printing, have been widely used in 3D tissue model systems. In particular, 3D printed in vitro tissue models can precisely locate tissue-specific cell microenvironments and can support tissue differentiation, tissue integration, and spatiotemporal reaction, which has been considered as substitute for animal models in drug discovery, safety evaluation, and immunologic analysis.

Fig.1 SIAT® 3D Tissue Model Services.

The SIAT® 3D Tissue Models Services

To mimic natural cell biology, a full range of 3D tissue models have been designed to replace traditional cell culture environments. Recent studies have indicated that 3D tissue models provide a suitable microenvironment for in vitro cell growth, cell differentiation, and cell production. As a consequence, Creative Biolabs has designed and developed a panel of state-of-art technologies that enable our clients to discover new drugs and evaluate the immunogenicity in clinical applications. Our 3D tissue models allow human cells to grow and thrive in a natural environment. We have implemented different types of tissue cultures and have generated a variety of 3D models, such as liver, cartilage, skin tissue models. For instance, the ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage/repair has been evaluated by immunological analysis of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair proteins in 3D human skin models. The results suggest that the EpiDerm skin tissue model is a perfect 3D model that has similar in vivo morphology and growth characteristics, and has high uniformity and repeatability. Additionally, in vitro 3D printing and tissue engineering assays have also been constructed to replace the usage of animal models in pre-clinical studies.

Fig.2 Staining of 3D tissue model with SI nanoparticle probe. (Bardsley, 2017)

Creative Biolabs is specialized in constructing human three-dimensional (3D) tissues. We have developed many alternative human test systems that mimic the complex characteristics of the body. These test systems are based on in vitro cultured primary cells, cell lines. We are also dedicated to designing and performing high-quality immunologic analysis assays, with different formats, endpoints, parameters, to satisfy any specific requirement at the most competitive price. For more detailed information, please feel free to contact us or directly sent us an inquiry.

Other optional in vitro human system models:

• SIAT® 2D Cell Culture

Published Data

• Application of 3D Cell Cultures for Drug Screening and Safety Assessments

Fig. 3 Organoid generated through self-organization of differentiating pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). (Jaeyeaon Cho, 2022)

The article discusses the application of 3D cell cultures, specifically human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), for drug screening and safety assessments, highlighting their utility in more accurately mimicking human heart tissue than traditional 2D cultures. In 3D cultures, hPSC-CMs exhibit enhanced structural and functional maturity, showing improved electrophysiological and mechanical properties. This advancement is critical for drug development and toxicological assessments, as the 3D models better replicate human cardiac tissue's responses to pharmaceutical compounds, thus providing a more accurate prediction of cardiotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy. The research signifies a shift towards using 3D cell culture systems in cardiovascular drug development to overcome limitations associated with 2D models, such as unrepresentative cell behavior and inaccurate drug response predictions.

FAQ

1. What is a 3D tissue model?

   A 3D tissue model involves culturing cells in three dimensions, which allows them to grow in an environment that closely mimics their natural, in vivo state. This model facilitates more relevant cellular interactions and architectures, offering a more accurate simulation of human organs and tissues for drug screening and development processes.

2. Why are 3D tissue models used in drug screening?

   3D tissue models are used in drug screening because they replicate the complexity of human tissues more accurately than traditional 2D models. This complexity includes realistic cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, which can significantly affect a drug's efficacy and toxicity, leading to more predictive and reliable preclinical testing outcomes.

3. How do 3D tissue models improve drug development?

   3D tissue models improve drug development by providing more physiologically relevant data on how a drug interacts with human tissues. This relevance can reduce the failure rate of drugs in clinical trials by identifying potential issues early in the drug development process, such as toxicity or lack of efficacy.

4. What are the advantages of 3D tissue models over 2D cell cultures?

   3D tissue models offer several advantages over 2D cell cultures, including enhanced cellular differentiation and function, more accurate mimicking of the natural microenvironment, and better responses to stimuli. These models also facilitate studies on drug penetration and metabolism that are more representative of in vivo conditions.

5. What types of 3D tissue models are commonly used in research?

   Common types of 3D tissue models include spheroids, organoids, and engineered tissues using scaffolds or matrices. Each type has specific applications depending on the research focus, such as organ-specific diseases, cancer research, or drug metabolism studies.

6. Can 3D tissue models predict human responses to drugs accurately?

   3D tissue models can more accurately predict human responses to drugs compared to 2D models because they replicate key aspects of human tissues, such as their architecture and cell signaling pathways. However, while they improve predictability, they still have limitations and cannot fully replicate all aspects of human biology.

7. What challenges are associated with using 3D tissue models?

   Challenges in using 3D tissue models include higher complexity and costs, technical difficulties in model construction and maintenance, variability in model reproducibility, and challenges in standardization across laboratories. Additionally, imaging and analyzing these models can be more complex than traditional 2D cultures.

Resources

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