Aβ40

Background

Creative Biolabs provides a wide range of high-quality antibodies, assay kits, and proteins of Aβ40 to help researchers improve their experiments and research. Our dedication to quality ensures reliable results, empowering researchers to produce publication-grade data.

Introduction

The amyloid beta peptide, known as Aβ, is produced from the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by cells and has potent neurotoxic effects when it accumulates in the cell matrix. While most Aβ interacts with chaperone protein molecules, a small amount exists freely. Aβ can trigger a series of pathological processes that result in the degeneration and death of neurons around the senile plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. The pathological mechanisms involve changes in microcirculation, the triggering of astrocytes and microglia, and impairment of the blood-brain barrier.

Fig.1 Processing of the APP.Distributed under public domain, from Wiki, without modification.

Aβ40 is the significant homologue of Aβ and is 40 amino acids in length. Another homologue is Aβ42, which is 42 amino acids in length. These two peptides are structurally similar but exhibit different clinical, biological, and biophysical behaviors. Aβ40 contains abundant leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile). It is a variant of B-amyloid protein, which mainly forms amyloid plaques in the brain and is closely related to the development of Alzheimer's disease, as studies have shown that Aβ40 is produced by enzymatic cleavage of APP under normal circumstances. The APP protein is found extensively in neurons and other cells as a transmembrane protein. In the normal metabolic process, APP is enzymatically cleaved into different products, including Aβ40. However, when APP metabolism is abnormal, the production of Aβ40 increases. This may be due to abnormal enzyme activity or changes in metabolic pathways. One of the most prevalent neurological diseases linked to Aβ40 deposition is Alzheimer's disease. Studies have found that the deposition of Aβ40 can lead to neuronal damage and death, which in turn triggers symptoms such as cognitive decline and memory impairment. In addition, Aβ40 may also interfere with the standard transmission of neurotransmitters, further affecting the function of the nervous system.

In addition to Alzheimer's disease, abnormal deposition of Aβ40 is also associated with the development of other diseases. For instance, other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease also show disease deposition of Aβ40. The development mechanisms of these diseases are complex, and the deposition of Aβ40 may be only a part of it.

Creative Biolabs provides various Aβ40 products to help you improve your research and experiments. Our dedication to quality ensures reliable results, empowering researchers to produce publication-grade data.

Aβ40 Functional Service

Creative Biolabs offers anti-Aβ40 aptamers recognized for their precise binding affinity to human Aβ40 protein. These aptamers have become crucial tools in the expansive research and development of aptamer-based therapeutic and diagnostic solutions.

Fig.2 Diagrammatic representation of the electrochemical sensor for detecting Aβ40 and Aβ42 oligomers.¹

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, poses significant social and economic challenges, particularly due to its gradual and concealed onset, complicating early diagnosis and treatment. Researchers highlight the pivotal role of Aβ aptamers in AD theranostics, particularly their application in constructing biosensors for Aβ detection, enhancing early diagnosis prospects. Electrical detection, known for its cost-effectiveness, ease of miniaturization, and high sensitivity in label-free methods, has become a focal point for AD biomarker sensing. Scientist has designed an electrochemical aptasensor to detect Aβ40 oligomers, addressing limitations of antibody-based sensors, applicable in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and human serum, thus meeting clinical demands for Aβ40 oligomer determination.

Creative Biolabs delivers expert services dedicated to the functional characterization of Aβ40, including analysis of interaction dynamics and detailed functional evaluations. Custom-designed to fulfill our clients' unique needs, these services are crucial for propelling clinical and scientific research projects forward.

Reference

1. Zheng, Yan, et al. "Advances in aptamers against Aβ and applications in Aβ detection and regulation for Alzheimer's disease." Theranostics 12.5 (2022): 2095. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.