C Reactive Protein Autoantibody

Background

C-reactive protein (CRP), also known as Pentraxin 1 or PTX1, is a vital member of the pentraxin family. CRP is a cyclic acute-phase protein produced in the liver, responsive to factors released by T cells, macrophages, and adipocytes. CRP exists in the plasma as a stable pentameric structure. In serum, circulating levels of CRP increase in response to inflammation.

Its Gene ID: 1401, UniProtKB ID: P02741, and OMIM ID: 123260.

The Role of CRP

Human CRP is a critical acute phase reactant that binds to damaged tissues or pathogenic microorganisms containing phosphocholine (PC) to activate the classical complement pathway. In addition, CRP may also play a pivotal role in host defense and metabolic regulation. It is worth noting that CRP levels rise rapidly in cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses and infections. However, after the disease resolves, CRP decreases quickly. Therefore, CRP is considered a promising marker for monitoring various inflammatory states.

Fig.1 Proposed roles for mCRP in atherosclerosis.^1,3

CRP Related Disorders

Changes in CRP levels may be closely related to the emergence of a series of diseases. First, people with elevated CRP levels have a significantly increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Second, high concentrations of CRP correspond to a high likelihood of myocardial infarction and stroke. In addition, there is a specific correlation between abnormal CRP levels and the risk of cancer. Finally, CRP may be involved in the regulation of osteoclast activity.

CRP Related Signaling Pathways

• MAPK pathway

CRP is capable of interacting with various signaling molecules in monocytes and macrophages, such as complement receptors and Fc gamma receptors (FcγR), modulating their function and behavior. The interaction of CRP with these receptors initiates intracellular signaling cascades, such as the activation of MAPK signals.

• NF-κB pathway

As the core of inflammation and immunity, the NF-κB signaling pathway can be activated by CRP, leading to the production of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is reported that CRP-induced NF-κB activation can also lead to an increase in other inflammatory mediators, which is beneficial to tissue remodeling, tumor immune evasion, and angiogenesis.

• PI3K/AKT pathway

CRP mediates activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which contributes to cell survival and tissue remodeling. Furthermore, the activated PI3K/AKT pathway also performs an essential function in regulating the inflammatory response of macrophages.

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C Reactive Protein Autoantibody Functional Service

Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive range of C-reactive protein autoantibody related products, including human anti-C reactive protein autoantibody ELISA kit. These products can effectively carry out C-reactive protein autoantibody related experiments and thus play an important role in your research.

Fig. 2 The immune regulatory mechanism of CRP in COVID-19.^2,3

Excessive inflammation is generally considered to be the main factor leading to death or severe illness in COVID-19 patients. C-reactive protein (CRP) serves as a sensitive indicator for assessing tissue damage. Serum CRP levels significantly increase in cases of acute inflammation, major injury, and coronary heart disease, and they may return to normal once the inflammation subsides. CRP can enhance the phagocytic function of macrophages through specific CRP receptors, allowing them to eliminate various pathogenic microorganisms. In COVID-19 pneumonia, a cytokine release syndrome (CRS) can occur, which is linked to the high mortality rate associated with the disease. Research has shown that CRP is an independent predictor of patient outcomes and a reliable discriminator of disease severity. Therefore, the diagnostic value of CRP for COVID-19 is likely to be beneficial in clinical practice.^2,3

Creative Biolabs offers C-reactive protein autoantibody functional services, including detection of C-reactive protein autoantibody detection and other tailored services for our esteemed clients engaged in clinical and scientific research.

References

1. Melnikov, Ivan, et al. "Monomeric C-reactive protein in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: advances and perspectives." International journal of molecular sciences 24.3 (2023): 2079.
2. Luan, Ying-yi, Cheng-hong Yin, and Yong-ming Yao. "Update advances on C-reactive protein in COVID-19 and other viral infections." Frontiers in immunology 12 (2021): 720363.
3. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.