TAS1R1 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of TAS1R1

TAS1R1 (Taste receptor type 1 member 1), a G protein-coupled receptor, is encoded by TAS1R1 gene. It mediates the perception of umami and sweet tastes and regulates metabolism. The TAS1R genes can encode heterodimeric receptors that mediate umami (hTAS1R1 + hTAS1R3) and sweet (hTAS1R2 + hTAS1R3) sensations. Studies conducted on TAS1R1 show it is the repertoire of genotypic and phenotypic marker of heightened taste sensation.

Basic Information of TAS1R1
Protein Name	Taste receptor type 1 member 1
Gene Name	TAS1R1
Aliases	GPR70, T1R1, TR1, GM148
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q7RTX1
Transmembrane Times	7
Length (aa)	841
Sequence	MLLCTARLVGLQLLISCCWAFACHSTESSPDFTLPGDYLLAGLFPLHSGCLQVRHRPEVT LCDRSCSFNEHGYHLFQAMRLGVEEINNSTALLPNITLGYQLYDVCSDSANVYATLRVLS LPGQHHIELQGDLLHYSPTVLAVIGPDSTNRAATTAALLSPFLVPMISYAASSETLSVKR QYPSFLRTIPNDKYQVETMVLLLQKFGWTWISLVGSSDDYGQLGVQALENQATGQGICIA FKDIMPFSAQVGDERMQCLMRHLAQAGATVVVVFSSRQLARVFFESVVLTNLTGKVWVAS EAWALSRHITGVPGIQRIGMVLGVAIQKRAVPGLKAFEEAYARADKKAPRPCHKGSWCSS NQLCRECQAFMAHTMPKLKAFSMSSAYNAYRAVYAVAHGLHQLLGCASGACSRGRVYPWQ LLEQIHKVHFLLHKDTVAFNDNRDPLSSYNIIAWDWNGPKWTFTVLGSSTWSPVQLNINE TKIQWHGKDNQVPKSVCSSDCLEGHQRVVTGFHHCCFECVPCGAGTFLNKSDLYRCQPCG KEEWAPEGSQTCFPRTVVFLALREHTSWVLLAANTLLLLLLLGTAGLFAWHLDTPVVRSA GGRLCFLMLGSLAAGSGSLYGFFGEPTRPACLLRQALFALGFTIFLSCLTVRSFQLIIIF KFSTKVPTFYHAWVQNHGAGLFVMISSAAQLLICLTWLVVWTPLPAREYQRFPHLVMLEC TETNSLGFILAFLYNGLLSISAFACSYLGKDLPENYNEAKCVTFSLLFNFVSWIAFFTTA SVYDGKYLPAANMMAGLSSLSSGFGGYFLPKCYVILCRPDLNSTEHFQASIQDYTRRCGS T

Function of TAS1R1 Membrane Protein

TAS1R1 is a component of the heterodimeric taste receptor T1R1+3, which can bind to the G protein, several studies confirm that TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 have also been shown to activate Gαo and Gαi, which can affect human sweet and amino acid taste receptors. Meanwhile, it can also inhibit adenylyl cyclases to decrease cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in taste receptors. Studies show that it is related to the regulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in taste receptors. In addition, research conducted on TAS1R1 indicate that it correlates with umami and sweet taste. It also plays an important role in regulating the phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) pathway.

Fig.1 A working model for the sweet and umami taste receptor structure-function relationships. (Hong, 2004)

Application of TAS1R1 Membrane Protein in Literature

Valente C., et al. Genes from the TAS1R and TAS2R families of taste receptors: looking for signatures of their adaptive role in human evolution. Genome Biol Evol. 2018, 10(4): 1139-1152. PubMed ID: 29635333

Authors analyze the available sequence variation data from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 for TAS1R (TAS1R1-3) and TAS2R families studies, the data show that TAS1R1 could probably correlated with improved umami and sweet perception of TAS1R genes.
Choi J.H., et al. Variations in TAS1R taste receptor gene family modify food intake and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016, 60(11): 2433-2445. PubMed ID: 27321875

This article analyses a total of 1131 Koreans of TAS1R genes to determine whether the dietary intake is associated with Genetic variants. TAS1R1 rs34160967 may lead to the risk for GC independent of diet in Korean males.
Kim J.M., et al. A regulatory gene network related to the porcine umami taste receptor (TAS1R1/TAS1R3). Anim Genet. 2016, 47(1): 114-9. PubMed ID: 26554867

Authors perform a meta-analysis of 20 gene expression studies and try to identify several taste-related regulatory genes. The result can extend previous genetic background of porcine umami taste.
Rawal S., et al. Do polymorphisms in the TAS1R1 gene contribute to broader differences in human taste intensity? Chem Senses. 2013, 38(8): 719-28. PubMed ID: 24000232

This article aims at find whether TAS1R1 variation is associated with differences in overall taste intensity, and results indicate that SNPs (intronic rs17492553, C/T and exonic rs34160967, G/A) are associated with modest shifts in perceived intensities across all taste qualities.
Proszkowiec-Weglarz M., et al. Insulin immuno-neutralization decreases food intake in chickens without altering hypothalamic transcripts involved in food intake and metabolism. Poult Sci. 2017, 96(12): 4409-4418. PubMed ID: 29053815

This author conducts a study in chicken to investigate the effects of 5 hours fasting and 5 hours insulin immuno-neutralization on hypothalamic mRNA levels of 23 genes, including TAS1R1, and these results show it does not rely on hypothalamic abundance of the 23 transcripts analyzed.

TAS1R1 Preparation Options

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Reference

Hong Xu, et al. (2004). Different functional roles of T1R subunits in the heteromeric taste receptors. PNAS. 101(39), 14258-14263.

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