TAS2R1 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of TAS2R1

TAS2R1 (Taste receptor type 2 member 1), a G protein-coupled receptor, is encoded by TAS2R1 gene. The protein can be expressed in the receptor cells of the tongue and palatal epithelium. It clusters in the genome and links to loci that influence pain perception in mice and humans. TAS2R1 can medicate bitter taste, which helps organisms avoid ingesting potentially toxic substances in food. Many studies conducted in TAS2R1 reveal that it is not only expressed in mucous epithelial cells of the tongue, but also in epithelial cells of the colon, stomach, and upper respiratory tract.

Basic Information of TAS2R1
Protein Name	Taste receptor type 2 member 1
Gene Name	TAS2R1
Aliases	T2R1, TRB7
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q9NYW7
Transmembrane Times	7
Length (aa)	299
Sequence	MLESHLIIYFLLAVIQFLLGIFTNGIIVVVNGIDLIKHRKMAPLDLLLSCLAVSRIFLQL FIFYVNVIVIFFIEFIMCSANCAILLFINELELWLATWLGVFYCAKVASVRHPLFIWLKM RISKLVPWMILGSLLYVSMICVFHSKYAGFMVPYFLRKFFSQNATIQKEDTLAIQIFSFV AEFSVPLLIFLFAVLLLIFSLGRHTRQMRNTVAGSRVPGRGAPISALLSILSFLILYFSH CMIKVFLSSLKFHIRRFIFLFFILVIGIYPSGHSLILILGNPKLKQNAKKFLLHSKCCQ

Function of TAS2R1 Membrane Protein

TAS2R1 is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, which is specifically expressed by the taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate. It encodes 7 transmembrane receptor proteins that act as a bitter receptor. Meanwhile, recent studies on the TAS2R1 receptor show that it mediates bitterness perception in mammals and evolves in response to species-specific diets. In addition, studies show that the high expression of TAS2R1 is found in upper respiratory epithelial cells. Furthermore, it is also expressed in bronchial smooth muscle cells where they stimulate the relaxation of airways for improved breathing. As recently shown, TAS2R1 can be expressed in cancer tissues, such as breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancer.

Fig.1 Phylogenetic tree of Tas2r repertoires of seven species in the order Carnivora. (Lei, 2015)

Application of TAS2R1 Membrane Protein in Literature

Tsutsui K., et al. Variation in ligand responses of the bitter taste receptors TAS2R1 and TAS2R4 among New World monkeys. BMC Evol Biol. 2016, 16(1): 208. PubMed ID: 27733116

This article analyses the ligand sensitivity of TAS2Rs in New World monkeys (NWMs) by heterogenous expression and calcium imaging in HEK293T cells. These results show there are differences among them, which provides a basis for understanding the differences in feeding ecology among NWMs with respect to bitter taste.
Wölfle U., et al. Expression and functional activity of the bitter taste receptors TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 in human keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2015, 28(3): 137-46. PubMed ID: 25573083

This article investigates the mRNA expression level of TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 in human skin, and they test if TAS2Rs in keratinocytes are functional. Results indicate TAS2Rs (TAS2R1 and TAS2R38) are expressed in the epidermis and might play a role in keratinocyte differentiation.
Shan L., et al. Next Lineage-specific evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in the giant and red pandas implies dietary adaptation. Integr Zool. 2018, 13(2): 152-159. PubMed ID: 29168616

Authors select 195 TAS2R genes in 9 Carnivora species and examine selective pressures on these genes. These results suggest an adaptive response to a dietary shift from carnivory to herbivory and provide new insights into the molecular basis of mammalian sensory evolution.

TAS2R1 Preparation Options

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Reference

Lei W, et al. (2015). Functional Analyses of Bitter Taste Receptors in Domestic Cats (Felis catus). PLoS One. 10(10): e0139670.

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