Beta-2 Microgloblulin

B2M is a component of MHC class I molecules, MHC class I molecules have alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 proteins which are present on all nucleated cells (excludes red blood cells). In humans, the beta 2 microglobulin protein is encoded by B2M gene. It lies beside the alpha 3 chain on the cell surface. Unlike alpha 3, beta 2 has no transmembrane region. Directly above beta 2 (that is, further away from the cell) lies the alpha 1 chain, which itself is next to the alpha 2. An additional function is association with the HFE protein, together regulating the expression of hepcidin in the liver which targets the iron transporter ferroportin on the cytoplasmic membrane of enterocytes and macrophages for degradation resulting in increased iron uptake from food and decreased iron release from recycled red blood cells in the MPS (mononuclear phagocyte system) respectively.

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