Beta-Catenin

Beta-Catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination of cell–cell adhesion and gene transcription. It is a subunit of the cadherin protein complex and acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway. It is associated with many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, malignant breast tumors, ovarian and endometrial cancer. Alterations in the localization and expression levels of beta-catenin have been associated with various forms of heart disease, including dilated cardiomyopathy. Altered expression profiles in beta-catenin have been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. Beta-catenin upregulation of expression has generally been observed in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. In the presence of Wnt ligand, beta-Catenin is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. CTNNB1 is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion. The majority of beta-catenin is localized to the cell membrane and is part of E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes which are proposed to couple cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton.

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