Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) belong to the family Retroviridae, subfamily Orthoretrovirinae, and genus lentivirus, which cause persistent infections in at least 45 species of African non-human primates. The pathogenesis of SIV includes both non-pathogenic and pathogenic infections of SIV. Persistent infection, but rarely acute disease is caused by SIV infection of non-human primates (NHPs). SIV infections in their natural African simian non-human hosts appear in many cases to be non-pathogenic due to evolutionary adaptation of the hosts to the virus. Virus strains from two of these primate species, SIVsmm in sooty mangabeys and SIVcpz in chimpanzees, are believed to have crossed the species barrier into humans, resulting in HIV-2 and HIV-1 respectively, the two human immunodeficiency viruses.

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