CD59a

Background

CD59, a glycoprotein on the cell surface, participates in lymphocyte signal transduction pathways and regulates complement-mediated cell lysis. Binding to components C8 and C9 during assembly effectively blocks the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), thereby preventing the incorporation of multiple C9 copies necessary for pore formation and osmolytic activity. This inhibition appears to be species-specific. Mutations in CD59 can lead to hemolytic anemia, thrombosis, and cerebral infarction.

Its Gene ID: 12509, UniProtKB ID: O55186, and OMIM ID: 107271.

CD59a Related Pathway

Initially identified as a regulator within the terminal complement pathway, CD59 inhibits the formation of lytic pores by interacting with components C8 and C9 during MAC assembly. While its role in complement regulation is well-established, studies have demonstrated the signaling properties of CD59a, attributed to its GPI anchor and localization within lipid rafts. Cross-linking CD59 with specific monoclonal antibodies induces calcium release and activates lipid raft-associated signaling molecules, such as tyrosine kinases, indicating roles beyond complement inhibition.

Fig.1 CD59 involved in complement pathways.^{1, 3}

Applications of CD59a Products

• CD59 Recombinant Proteins Utilized in CM-HUS Therapeutic Research

Complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (CM-HUS) represents thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by genetic mutations or acquired antibodies directed against complement proteins and regulators. Scientists have engineered a range of cell-based complement "biosensors" by selectively depleting complement regulatory proteins in an autonomously bioluminescent HEK293 cell line, including CD59. These biosensors offer a sensitive approach for diagnosing CM-HUS and monitoring therapeutic interventions aimed at complement inhibition. Recombinant CD59 protein serves as a positive control in these experiments. This model employs inhibitors specific to the complement pathway, revealing IgM-mediated activation of the classical pathway during acute illness and in numerous patients during clinical remission.

Creative Biolabs offers a wide range of CD59a-targeted products, including assay kits and recombinant proteins. We also provide custom services to design CD59a-specific products tailored to individual needs.

CD59a Functional Service

Creative Biolabs provides a broad spectrum of products associated with CD59a, such as ELISA assay kits and anti-CD59a antibodies. These meticulously crafted tools are designed to precisely identify and monitor interactions involving the human CD59a protein alongside other factors. They serve as essential resources in research dedicated to devising new therapeutic strategies for a wide range of diseases.

Fig.2 Detection of CD59 as a species-specific marker for the human proximal nephron.^{2, 3}

To develop a strategy grounded in protein secretion detection by the proximal nephron, researchers screened available omic resources to predict potential candidates. Five proteins were earmarked through this method, positioning CD59 as the foremost candidate for a species-specific assay. ELISA tests (CD59a ELISA kits) were performed using pooled human and mouse urine, revealing that only assays for SPP1 and CD59 produced stronger signals in human urine. Kidney Interactive Transcriptomics analysis indicated CD59 expression in proximal nephron cells, validating CD59’s use as a human-specific biomarker.

Creative Biolabs delivers specialized services focused on CD59a functionality, encompassing detection of CD59a-binding interactions and supplementary functional assessments. Tailored to satisfy the distinct requirements of esteemed clients in clinical and research domains, these services are meticulously designed.

References

1. Geller, Anne, and Jun Yan. "The role of membrane bound complement regulatory proteins in tumor development and cancer immunotherapy." Frontiers in immunology 10 (2019): 1074.
2. Chuang, Tinghsien, et al. "In Vivo Assessment of Laboratory-Grown Kidney Tissue Grafts." Bioengineering 10.11 (2023): 1261.
3. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.