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Hybridoma Isotype Identification and Switching Service

Overview Service Importance Features

Isotyping involves determining the class and subclass of a monoclonal antibody (mAb). It is most easily accomplished with commercial, ready-to-use antibody isotyping kits. Creative Biolabs provides world-class packaging services for hybridoma isotype Identification and switching. Our state-of-the-art facilities and highly experienced staff are dedicated to assisting in all areas of antibody design and production.

Overview of Isotype Identification and Switching

The immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype (class) is encoded by the constant region of the Ig gene which forms the Fc portion of an antibody. The function of specific isotype antibody determines via the specific binding to Fc receptor molecules on different immune effector cells. Different isotype expression reflects the different maturation stages of a B cell. IgM and IgD isotypes are expressed by Naive B cells with unmutated variable genes following alternative splicing. Expression of other antibody isotypes (Human: IgG1-4, IgA1-2, IgE) depends on a process of class-switch recombination (CSR) after antigen exposure.

CSR is a biological feature of the humoral immune response that changes a B cell's production of Ig from one type to another, such as a switch from IgM to the isotype IgG following first exposure to an antigen during the immunization. During this process, the constant region of the antibody heavy chain is changed, but the variable region of the heavy chain remains the same. Class switching does not alter antigen specificity. Instead, the antibody maintains an affinity for the same antigens but can interact with different effector molecules.

Fig.1 Procedure for mouse IgH locus rearrangement. (Dauba and Ahmed, 2021)Fig.1 Rearranged the mouse IgH locus.1

Hybridoma Isotype Identification and Switching Service

Creative Biolabs provides isotype identification and switches among the five main Ig classes, in which IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 have been used as engineering therapeutic antibodies. More recently, IgA, IgM, and IgE have been used to adjust the recombinant molecules better to the targeted application (e.g. regarding half-life, effector functions, etc.). Notably, we can produce chimeric antibodies with different Fc domains using our unique cloning cassettes for all antibody classes and subclasses of the human (IgA, IgD, IgM, IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) and mouse (IgA, IgD, IgM, IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3) species.

Cloning Vectors Available:

Species Heavy Chain Light Chain
Human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 Igκ, Igλ2
Mouse IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 Igκ, Igλ1, Igλ2
Rabbit IgG1 Igκ1, Igκ2, Igλ
Rat IgG2b Igκ, Igλ

Importance of Hybridoma Isotype Identification and Switching

Antibody isotype identification is a key step in antibody production and provides important guidance for selecting appropriate purification and modification methods for antibodies. Besides, identifying the antibody isotype enables precise characterization of its function, distribution, and interaction with immune cells. This knowledge is essential for tailoring therapeutic strategies, improving therapy efficacy, and minimizing adverse effects. For instance, IgG isotypes are preferred for therapeutic mAbs due to their longer half-life and effector functions like ADCC.

On the other hand, isotype switching is indispensable for adaptive immunity, which can enable the immune system to tailor antibody responses to specific pathogens and environmental challenges. Switching between isotypes can enhance efficacy, alter effector functions, or improve tissue targeting, thus broadening the therapeutic potential of mAbs.

Features of Our Service


As one of the most competitive biotechnology companies in the world, Creative Biolabs has extensive expertise and experience to provide you with custom hybridoma and recombinant antibody development services. Our services are tailored for each project to ensure that the objectives are met or exceeded. For more information, please do not hesitate to contact us for more details.

Reference
  1. Dauba, Audrey, and Ahmed Amine Khamlichi. "Long-range control of class switch recombination by transcriptional regulatory elements." Frontiers in Immunology 12 (2021): 738216.
    Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.

All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

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