NAA Associated Diseases and Biomarkers

Natural autoantibodies (NAA) are a seminal part of the immune system and have become hotspots in the immunology field. With years of experience and high-end technologies, Creative Biolabs has successfully developed a series of innovative and diversified NAA platforms to provide fast and convenient services for our worldwide customers. Based on the studies of various NAA associated diseases, we now can provide the largest and most diverse portfolio of premade or custom NAA products and services.

Background of Natural Autoantibodies (NAA)

Natural autoantibodies (NAA), displaying a moderate affinity for self-antigens, are a kind of antibodies that arise independently of antigenic or mitogenic stimulation and can be detected in the sera of healthy humans and animals. Since the first report by Boyden in 1965 (more than 50 years ago), NAA has been found in virtually all vertebrate species. The majority of NAA are particularly IgM isotype, with a less extent of IgG and IgA isotypes. The essence of NAA are immunoglobulins that react with at least one self-antigen, whether they originate from healthy individuals or patients with autoimmune disease. NAA can recognize a wide variety of self-antigens, including insulin, DNA, thyroglobulin, nucleoproteins and phospholipids, which are also targeted during the progression of autoimmune disorders.

Schematic diagram of autoantibody production and amplification by antigen stimulation. Fig.1 Schematic diagram of autoantibody production and amplification by antigen stimulation. (Qiu, 2018)

Characteristics of NAA

Functions of NAA

NAA is engaged with a variety of homeostatic “housekeeping” functions, such as maintenance of immune homeostasis, regulation of the immune response, etc. NAA also plays a crucial role in the very early innate immunity, providing an essential first line of defense against pathogens. It is reported that NAA may participate in clearing apoptotic cells and oxidized cellular damaged structures, maintaining the homeostasis of the organism. There is also mounting evidence that NAA takes part in tumor surveillance by recognizing oligosaccharides expressed on tumor cells. On the other hand, NAA may cause tissue damage or malfunctions, inducing autoimmune diseases, by binding with self-proteins. At present, NAA screening has been used in the clinic for the diagnosis of autoimmune disease in its early stages and to intervene before installing injuries.

Fig.2 Hypothesized role of natural autoantibodies in long-term lung conditions. (Fukushima, et al., 2020)Fig.2 Hypothesized role of natural autoantibodies in long-term lung conditions.2

Clinical Significances of NAA

Because of the high relevance with many diseases, NAA may announce the status of diseases or predict further clinical evolution of the diseases. Several classes of NAA with specificity for different types of systemic autoimmune diseases, or organ-specific autoimmune diseases have been studied deeply. There is a wide range of diseases have been demonstrated to be associated with NAA, mainly include:

A large number of NAA targets have been discovered in recent years, which may be potential clinical indicators for disease diagnosis. For example, autoantibodies to islet cell, insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAA or GAD) and protein tyrosine phosphatase have all been described in association with the development of type 1 diabetes; autoantibodies to anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), dsDNA, ribonucleoprotein (RNP), rheumatoid factor (RF), C3 and C4 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

What Can We Do About NAA?

Aided by our well-established platforms and experienced scientists, we can provide comprehensive NAA services, from NAA detection to NAA epitope mapping. A wide spectrum of NAA products is available for your choice.

Features of Our Services

Creative Biolabs is capable to provide different products and services about NAA. Our proven and optimized platforms can help you quickly get satisfactory results without repeated trials. We also provide custom services based on the requirements of the clients to meet the specific demand. Please contact us for more information.

References:

  1. Qiu, Jingyi, et al. "Autoantibodies as potential biomarkers in breast cancer." Biosensors 8.3 (2018): 67.
  2. Fukushima, Kiyoharu, et al. "Natural autoantibodies in chronic pulmonary diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21.3 (2020): 1138.
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