NAA Associated Alzheimer's Disease

As a leading service provider in the scientific research industry, Creative Biolabs has gained good reputation and significant knowledge in NAA-related neurological disease, particularly in Alzheimer's disease. We are happy to provide global customers with our expertise and best services to facilitate their related researches. Now, we can provide a series of NAA products and NAA services on Alzheimer's disease aided by our advanced technology platform and professional technical team.

What is Alzheimer's Disease?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually destroys memory and other important mental functions. AD is the most common pattern of dementia and getting more severe over time, which mainly affects the elders.

➢ Symptoms and Signs

The symptoms are characterized by progressive and chronic deterioration of cognitive functions which mainly can be classified into four stages as follows:

Pre-dementia, not AD: representations are short-term memory loss, apathy, depression, irritability, and reduced exact-remembering, which also referred to mild cognitive impairment clinically.
Early stage: this stage mostly presents that learning and memory impairments, even language problems and certain movement coordination difficulties.
Middle stage: evident deterioration of speech difficulties, reading and writing impairments, and memory problems. Patients suffering from sleeping problems, behavioral and neuropsychiatric changes.
Late stage: commonly characterized by speech worsen even loss, extreme apathy and exhaustion, muscle mass and mobility deteriorate.

➢ Causes and Pathogenesis

The exact causes of AD have not fully understood yet, but factors as age, genetics or family history, physical and environmental influence may contribute to or at least increase the risks of AD. Causes and pathogenesis of AD may be elucidated by several hypotheses as follows:

Genetics: various genetic research has been conducted and found that genetics or family history did affect the risk of the AD, and mutations in the TREM2 gene are more likely to develop AD.
Amyloid hypothesis: extracellular amyloid beta deposits in the brain or amyloid beta-related proteins have been postulated to be causes of AD.
Other hypothesizes: besides Amyloid hypothesis, other hypothesizes are also proposed by scientists to explain AD such as cholinergic hypothesis, Tau hypothesis, neurovascular hypothesis, oligodendrocytes, and associated myelin hypothesis, etc.

Fig.1 Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. (Breijyeh and Rafik, 2020) Fig.1 The causes and risk factors of Alzheimer's disease.¹

Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

AD is a chronic disease with slow progression, and there is no definitive evidence for an accurate and timely diagnosis. Observing and inquiring symptoms, neurological assessments, and biomarkers detection recently are helpful for AD diagnosis.

The Association Between Alzheimer's Disease and Natural Autoantibodies

There is no certain cure for AD, medicines can only help improve some symptoms. Definitive diagnosis of AD in the early stage holds great benefits for early therapeutic intervention and treatment. Compelling evidence has indicated that the immune system and autoantibodies against a diversity of molecules are associated with AD. Scientific researches are focusing on and developing some natural autoantibodies as potentially effective biomarkers for the AD. The related natural autoantibody biomarkers include:

Natural Autoantibodies Targets in Alzheimer's Disease
Anti-Aβ	Anti-Tau	Anti-NMDAR	Anti-Glutamate	Anti-Nuclear antibody (ANA)
Anti-5-HT	Anti-Phospholipid	Anti-ATP Synthase	NAA Services for Anti-AT1R	Anti-Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL)

Fig.2 Role of antibody in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. (Sim, Kyeong and Sung-Gyoo, 2020) Fig.2 The antibody-mediated pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.²

Based on years of research experience in Alzheimer disease and first-in-class technologies, Creative Biolabs has successfully provided a wide range of products and services on Alzheimer disease and associated NAA markers study. Just directly contact us for more detailed information.

Reference

Breijyeh, Zeinab, and Rafik Karaman. "Comprehensive review on Alzheimer’s disease: Causes and treatment." Molecules 25.24 (2020): 5789.
Sim, Kyu-Young, Kyeong Chan Im, and Sung-Gyoo Park. "The functional roles and applications of immunoglobulins in neurodegenerative disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21.15 (2020): 5295.

Choosing natural autoantibody (NAA) microarray to profile autoantibody repertoire and reveal novel disease's marker.

For Research Use Only | Not For Clinical Use

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