NAA Associated AIDS
The interface between AIDS and autoimmunity has obtained great interest from clinical and pathophysiological perspectives. AIDS is closely associated with an increased incidence of natural autoantibodies (NAA). Equipped with efficient high-throughput technology, Creative Biolabs has gained significant knowledge and rich experiences in offering customers NAA services.
Introduction of AIDS
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to severe damage to the immune system. One of the most distinguishing features of HIV is that it doesn’t activate as soon as it enters the body. And it may or may not remain static. Thus, an HIV-positive person may not always have AIDS. The provirus DNA, when activated, starts producing virus until it bursts due to the sheer number of the virus inside it, resulting in the destruction of the cell and numerous newly-produced HIV viruses.
Low CD4 cell count, severe loss of body weight, pneumocystis pneumonia, and Kaposi’s sarcoma are the major disease indicators. The autoimmunity in AIDS is evident by overproduction of autoantibodies and impaired response of CD4 cells and CD8 cells. Normally, natural autoantibodies are generated in response to antigens such as debris and molecules de novo released from dead cells, infectious agents, and catabolic events. In general, natural autoantibodies constitute a first defense line against pathogens. For HIV, natural anti-CCR5 antibodies can be decisive in preventing HIV infection in mucosal tissues and offer prompt and effective protection just at major sites of virus entry.
Fig.1 Schematic illustration of the three-dimension structure of CCR5 coreceptor. (Lopalco, 2011)
Natural Autoantibodies in AIDS
Studies demonstrate that HIV infection is associated with low levels of IgM NAA to the oxidation-associated epitope phosphorylcholine (PC), and high IgG NAA to the distinct oxidation associated epitope, malondialdehyde (MDA). Here show common targets in AIDS that could be utilized to offer NAA-related services. Among NAA in patients infected with HIV, anti-denatured DNA antibodies and anticardiolipin antibodies, commonly reported in various chronic inflammatory and infectious conditions, are observed with high frequency in both symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-infected patients.
| Natural Autoantibodies Targets in AIDS | ||
| Anti-Rheumatoid Factor (RF) | Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) | Anti-Native DNA |
| Anti-Denatured DNA | Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) | Anti-Cardiolipin |
HIV infection appears to alter natural antibody levels in ways that may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and may impact the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Since the presence of autoantibodies is significantly associated with lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts and increased mortality, different autoantibodies self-components may be used as early biomarkers for AIDS detection.
Creative Biolabs is committed to providing a wide range of high-quality NAA services to promote the progress of disease detection. Please don’t hesitate to contact us for more information and a detailed quote, if the disease and related targets you interested is not mentioned above.
Reference:
- Lopalco, L. Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies in HIV-infection and exposure. Journal of translational medicine. 2011, 9(1): S4.
Choosing natural autoantibody (NAA) microarray to profile autoantibody repertoire and reveal novel disease's marker.