NAA Associated Atherosclerosis
Natural autoantibodies (NAA) are predominately IgMs that constitute a significant fraction of serum immunoglobulins (Igs) at birth and may increase with age. Increasing evidence supports the role of NAA for chronic inflammation in atherogenesis, and NAA has been identified as mediators in this complex inflammatory environment. With years of experience in antibody detection and high-throughput technologies, the science team at Creative Biolabs can provide customers with comprehensive NAA services to help our customers proceed with the project.
Introduction of Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results from hyperlipidemia and a complex interplay of environmental, metabolic, and genetic risk factors. This disease leads to stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Although multiple risk factors have been identified that contribute variably to lesion formation, the growth of the atherosclerotic lesion is both initiated and sustained by increased levels of LDL and low and/or dysfunctional HDL. Especially, the oxidation of LDL plays a central role in the atherogenic process and generates a variety of oxidized modified lipids and proteins that represent highly immunogenic neo-determinants for the immune system. Accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins (oxLDL) within the vascular wall drives a related immune response very early during the disease course. Such an immune response is self-amplified and finally escapes from physiologic control mechanisms.
Fig.1 Initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.1
The Importance of NAA in Atherosclerosis
Some investigations suggest that NAA can play a pathogenic role in autoinflammatory diseases. For atherosclerosis, antigen β2-Glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) is a major antigen for antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) present in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). oxLDL is subsequently targeted by β2-GPI and anti-β2-GPI autoantibodies. APAs are significantly correlated with atherosclerosis and its effects on the general population.
Fig.2 The production of autoantibody induced by β2GPI-reactive T cells and its pathology.2
Beyond protection against various infections, NAA can also serve several other essential functions in the immune system. These functions include vascular homeostasis/ protection against atherosclerosis, allergic suppression and protection from cancer and so forth. Here show several targets in atherosclerosis that have already been identified.
| Natural Autoantibodies Targets in Atherosclerosis | ||
| Anti-Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) | Anti-Phosphorylcholine (PC) | Anti-Phospholipid |
| Anti-Cardiolipin | Anti-β2-Glycoprotein-I | Anti-HSP 60/65 |
The association between autoantibodies and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events has been observed amongst individuals with no diagnosed autoimmune conditions, strengthening the case for an atherogenic role of these antibodies and the necessity of using autoantibodies as biomarkers for diseases detection.
Creative Biolabs is equipped with state-of-the-art research and manufacturing facilities and dedication to help our clients make progress in NAA research using our featured services. With expertise and dedication, Creative Biolabs will be your best companion in NAA-related services. Please do not hesitate to contact us for more information and a detailed quote, if the disease and related targets you interested is not mentioned above.
References
- Drysdale, Amelia, et al. "The contribution of vascular proteoglycans to atherothrombosis: clinical implications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24.14 (2023): 11854.
- Rauch, Joyce, et al. "β2-Glycoprotein I-reactive T cells in autoimmune disease." Frontiers in immunology 9 (2018): 2836.
Choosing natural autoantibody (NAA) microarray to profile autoantibody repertoire and reveal novel disease's marker.
- NAA Services for Anti-Phosphorylcholine (PC) Antibody
- NAA Services for Anti-β2-Glycoprotein-I Antibody
- NAA Services for Anti-HSP60/65 Antibody