Cancers

Besides the expertise in the research of Autoimmune Disorders, Infectious Diseases, Neurological Diseases, Cardiovascular Disease, NAA Associated Endocrine Diseases, Hematological Disease, Nephropathy and Pulmonary Disease, Creative Biolabs is also dedicated to the areas of natural autoantibodies (NAA) in cancers. With years of experience in disease early detection and high-resolution analysis, the scientific team of Creative Biolabs can provide worldwide customers with comprehensive NAA services based on various cancers, from NAA detection, affinity measurement, NAA profiling to epitope mapping.

Production of Natural Autoantibodies

The production of NAAs is believed to reflect greater immunologic reactivity in cancer patients and enhanced immune surveillance for cancer cells. Since tumors originate from autologous cells containing self-antigens, it has been suggested that it is the abnormal exposure or presentation of these antigens that facilitates an autoimmune response. Some of the major theories surrounding the production of autoantibodies in cancer include loss of tolerance, inflammation, changes in antigen expression, as well as their altered exposure or altered presentation, reduced degradation, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and their aberrant location or altered structure.

Autoantibody production in cancer cells. Fig.1 Autoantibody production in cancer cells. (Zaenker, 2016)

NAA as Cancer Biomarkers

NAA detection is minimally invasive and cost-effective using established technologies. They are present in a clinically significant number of individuals and could supplement current screening modalities to aid early diagnosis of high-risk populations and assist the clinical management of patients. Different methods have been developed for the discovery of new NAA targets, including peptide and protein arrays, serological analysis of tumor antigens by phage-display libraries, recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX), and self-assembling protein arrays. Using these methods, several new targets have been identified. Among the most frequently identified targets are: p53, ATP synthase, rheumatoid factor, NY-ESO-1, HSP 60/70, MAGE, cardiolipin, HER2, carbonic anhydrase XII, and tyrosinase.

Fig.2 The autoantigen discovery process. (Carlton, Reuben and Nicole, 2023)Fig.2 The process of autoantigen discovery using human autoantigen profiling technologies.2

Advantages of NAA Detection in Cancers

Over the last few decades, NAAs have become of particular interest as cancer biomarkers. NAAs possess many advantages when considered as early diagnostic indicators of cancers. Firstly, they can be easily extracted from serum via minimally invasive blood collection. Secondly, they exhibit increased levels in very early cancer stages and are observed in patients with several carcinomas, including Primary Liver Cancer, NAA Associated Lung Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, NAA Associated Gastric Cancer, NAA Associated Pancreatic Cancer. Furthermore, their production may precede clinical confirmation of a tumor by several months or years. For instance, one of the first historical reports of anti-tumor protein p53 antibodies indicated that the autoantibodies were detectable as early as 17-47 months prior to clinical tumor manifestation in uranium workers. What is more, NAAs are stable serological proteins with high levels in serum despite low levels of the corresponding antigens. Additionally, they persist for extended periods after the corresponding antigens are no longer detectable, at lasting concentrations and with long half-lives in blood, due to limited proteolysis and clearance from the circulation, making sample handling less arduous.

Features of our Technologies

NAAs against cancer antigens are favorable as biomarkers for the early detection of cancers. With rich experience in the early diagnosis of cancer, Creative Biolabs is dedicated to helping our clients make progress in cancers' NAA studies using our featured services. With expertise and dedication, Creative Biolabs will be your best companion. Please do not hesitate to contact us for more information and a detailed quote.

References

  1. Zaenker, Pauline, Elin Solomonovna Gray, and Melanie Ruth Ziman. "Autoantibody production in cancer—the humoral immune response toward autologous antigens in cancer patients." Autoimmunity reviews 15.5 (2016): 477-483.
  2. Carlton, Lauren H., Reuben McGregor, and Nicole J. Moreland. "Human antibody profiling technologies for autoimmune disease." Immunologic Research (2023): 1-12.

Choosing natural autoantibody (NAA) microarray to profile autoantibody repertoire and reveal novel disease's marker.

For Research Use Only | Not For Clinical Use

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