Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are quintessential regulators of electrical excitability in the nervous system. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D (Kv4 channels) is a member of the Kv channels that are highly expressed in the brain, heart, and smooth muscles. Currently, there are three subtypes of the Kv4 channels have been determined, namely Kv4.1, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3. They are highly homologous within the transmembrane regions, with divergent amino and carboxy termini. Studies have shown that Kv4 channels are important components of the IKA in the nervous system and contribute to the Ito current in cardiac myocytes, where they help to repolarize the early phase of the action potential. What’s more, depending on the frequency of repetitive spike firing, Kv4 channels can also regulate the interspike interval (slow repetitive firing) and the duration of the action potential (fast repetitive firing) in CNS neurons.
Here, we have described in details of members of the VGKC subfamily D, including potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 1, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3. To learn more detailed information, please click the links below.
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