TNFSF Ligands Rational Design
Creative Biolabs has advanced vaccine development technologies and extensive experience in vaccine development. Adjuvants are important substances to enhance the efficacy of vaccines. Our adjuvant experts are well versed in the development and optimization of various adjuvants including mineral salt adjuvant, oil adjuvant, saponin, lipopolysaccharide, CpG, bacteria-derived adjuvant, and innate immune stimulators.
TNF Superfamily Ligands (TNFSFL)
TNF superfamily ligands (TNFSFL) are a class of type II transmembrane trimeric protein molecules, members of which can be released from the cell membrane after extracellular proteolytic cleavage and function as cytokines. TNFSFLs play an important role in mediating embryogenesis, cell differentiation, immune system development, regulation of immune response, inflammatory response, antiviral, anticancer response and homeostasis. The role of this function depends on their bindings with the corresponding type I transmembrane TNF superfamily receptors (TNFSFR), whose specific function is determined by the different distribution of interacting molecules in cells and tissues. TNFSFLs are mainly expressed by activated immune cells, distributed throughout the immune system, and their receptors are more widely distributed and expressed by many various normal and cancer cells and tissues.
TNFSFLs Mediate Anticancer Activity
Deletion or deficiency of a particular TNFSFL or TNFSR gene will result in an imbalance or loss of the immune system's anti-tumor immune function, which in turn may increase the likelihood of spontaneous or carcinogen-induced tumor formation. Patients with Canale-Smith syndrome and mutations in their Fas gene may develop breast cancer, recurrent thyroid adenoma, and adenomas multiple tumors. The ability of NK cells of TNF- or LT-a-deficient mice to reject tumors and eliminate tumor metastasis is impaired. In addition, TNF family death receptor signaling (FLIPs), which selectively inhibits TNFR1-, Fas-, TRAILR1-, and TRAILR2-mediated killing and enables tumor cells to evade immune surveillance and confers tumor cells resistance to receptors mediated killing, are shown to be a class of tumor progression factors. These all demonstrate the mediated antitumor activity of TNFSFLs.
The family members of TNFSFLs are expanding and are now known to include 19 proteins that bind to 29 members of the TNF receptor superfamily.
Fig.1 Members of TNFSFLs and their functions.
Innate immune responses are currently receiving increasing attention compared to adaptive immune responses as their ability to rapidly recognize and eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and abnormal cells in the body, and are capable of inducing and regulating the function of the adaptive immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are important effector cells of innate immune. Existing studies have found that both types of cells have TNSFL-mediated tumoricidal activity. Therefore, NFSFL can be used as a powerful innate immune stimulator to enhance the function of NK cells and DCs to help the vaccine work more efficiently.
CD40 Ligand (CD40L) as Vaccine Adjuvant
CD40 ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, gp39, tumor necrosis factor-related activating protein (TRAP), T cell-B cell activating molecule, etc., is a member of the TNF superfamily. By activating APCs and immune cells, CD40L participates in the induction and regulation of specific humoral and cellular immune responses, which are the functional basis for their use as adjuvants.
Creative Biolabs will provide professional and attentive service and support to customers at every step of vaccine development. Choosing the appropriate adjuvant is a critical step in developing a successful vaccine. Creative Biolabs has extensive experience in designing vaccine formulations and are well prepared to help customers optimize their vaccine formula.
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
