GPR162 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of GPR162

GPR162 is one of the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are a class of integral membrane proteins mediating intercellular interactions of fundamental physiological importance for survival including regulation of food intake, blood pressure, and hormonal sensing signaling, among other roles. GPR162 also named Gene-rich cluster gene A protein, which is expressed in the alimentary system, nervous system, and visual system.

Function of GPR162 Membrane Protein

GPR162 is widely expressed in GABAergic as well as other neurons particularly in areas related to energy homeostasis and hedonic feedings such as hypothalamus, amygdala, and ventral tegmental, which are brain regions extensively interconnected with each other and involved in the regulation of food intake via reward mechanisms. Furthermore, variants of GPR162 gene is relative to the impairments in insulin levels and resistance, carriers of the minor allele of this variant had decreased serum insulin levels and insulin resistance compared to non-carriers. In addition, human genetic studies about genetic relationship reveal that GPR162 share a common ancestor that split most likely through a duplication event before the divergence of the tetrapod and the teleost lineage. GPR162 may be a potential drug target for obesity and related diseases.

Fig.1 Two-dimensional schematic of a generic GPCR set in a lipid raft.

Application of GPR162 Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Caruso V., et al. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR162 is widely distributed in the CNS and highly expressed in the hypothalamus and in hedonic feeding areas. Gene. 2014, 553(1):1-6. PubMed ID: 25275856
   
   

   This article shows that GPR162 is widely expressed in GABAergic as well as other neurons within the mouse hippocampus, whereas extensive expression is observed in areas related to energy homeostasis and hedonic feeding such as hypothalamus, amygdala and ventral tegmental area, regions known to be involved in the regulation of palatable food consumption.

2. Ruiz-Hernández A., et al. Expression of orphan receptors GPR22 and GPR162 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Receptor & Signal Transduction Research. 2015, 35(1):46-53. PubMed ID: 24937127
   
   

   This article reveals that the orphan receptor, GPR162, is expressed in a different way in heart, kidney, brain, and aorta of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In a conclusion, GPR162 could be involved in the development of diabetes complications.

3. Sreedharan S., et al. GPR162 is expressed in the hypothalamus and is involved in food intake related behaviour. Medical & Health Sciences. 2011.
   
   

   Authors in this study suggest that genetic variants of GPR162 affect glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, this study provides evidence linking the orphan GPR162 gene with the regulation of food intake-related behavior.

4. Caruso V., et al. mRNA GPR162 changes are associated with decreased food intake in rat, and its human genetic variants with impairments in glucose homeostasis in two Swedish cohorts. Gene. 2016. 581(2):139-145. PubMed ID: 26827797
   
   

   Authors in this study provide a further anatomical characterization of GPR162 in mouse brain via in situ hybridization as well as detailed mRNA expression in a panel of rat tissues complementing a species-specific mapping of the receptor. They provide an attempt to demonstrate a functional implication of GPR162 in food intake-related behavior via antisense knockdown studies.

5. Sreedharan S., et al. The G protein coupled receptor Gpr153 shares common evolutionary origin with Gpr162 and is highly expressed in central regions including the thalamus, cerebellum and the arcuate nucleus. Febs Journal. 2011, 278(24):4881-4894. PubMed ID:21981325
   
   

   This article reveals that the G-protein coupled receptor GPR162 shares common evolutionary origin wit Gpr153 and is highly expressed in central regions including the thalamus, cerebellum and the arcuate nucleus.

GPR162 Preparation Options

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