NAA Services for Anti-Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) Antibodies

Based on years of extensive experience in antibody development and detection, Creative Biolabs offers a full range of high-quality NAA services about anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) antibodies marker for immune diseases diagnosis. With the help of our professional scientists, we are confident in providing a unique antibody diagnosis service to meet every customer's requirements.

Background of Anti-oxLDL Antibodies

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a hydrophilic complex of lipids and apolipoprotein B100, which is one of the major cholesterol-carrier lipoproteins in plasma. Epidemiological studies have found that an increased plasma level of LDL represents one of the most critical risk factors during the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, LDL can be oxidatively modified to be oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) in vivo, which as an immunogen is specifically recognized and ingested by macrophage scavenger receptors, eliciting specific anti-ox-LDL antibodies (autoantibodies against oxLDL) production. Anti-ox-LDL antibodies are associated with the progression of some diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Fig.1 Role of oxLDL in the atherogenetic process. (Maiolino et al., 2013)Fig.1 Putative pathway of oxLDL in the atherogenetic process.1

The Role of Anti-oxLDL Antibodies in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the cause of dementia. The main pathological characteristics of AD are the formation of senile plaques containing beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing an abnormally phosphorylated tau protein. Lipoprotein oxidation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Evidence demonstrated that autoantibodies against OxLDL have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with AD and other neurodegenerative dementias, among which the levels of OxLDL IgG antibodies were much higher in AD patients than that in controls. OxLDL autoantibodies detected in the CSF of AD patients mostly are IgG and IgM isotypes.

Fig.2 LDL signaling networks in AD pathogenesis. (Akyol, et al., 2023)Fig.2 LDL signaling pathways through vascular endothelial cell membrane receptors in AD pathology.2

The Role of Anti-oxLDL Antibodies in Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque builds up inside of arteries. Symptoms commonly include chest pain or pressure (angina), high blood pressure, stroke and kidney failure. Compared with healthy subjects, OxLDL-antibodies (OxLDL-Abs) showed an increased level in patients with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and peripheral arterial disease, as well as in atherosclerotic diseases. The humoral immunity against OxLDLs is thought to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis by neutralizing them. The previous reports found that the progression of atherosclerosis is related to the serum levels of oxLDL-Abs, and a positive correlation was demonstrated between mean intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (mean CCA-IMT) and oxLDL-Abs in healthy subjects. All of the above studies suggest that elevated levels of oxLDL-Abs may predict the development of atherosclerosis.

Fig.3 The process of atherosclerosis development. (Taylor, et al., 2022)Fig.3 Proposed model for atherosclerosis development.3

Features of Our NAA Services

Creative Biolabs is a well-recognized leader in the field of the natural autoantibodies (NAA) discovery and detection. We are dedicated to the development of innovative NAA services to help increase the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Please contact us for more information if you are interested in our services.

References

  1. Maiolino, Giuseppe, et al. "The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in atherosclerosis: the myths and the facts." Mediators of inflammation 2013 (2013).
  2. Akyol, Omer, et al. "Lipids and lipoproteins may play a role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease." Frontiers in Neuroscience 17 (2023).
  3. Taylor, Joshua A., et al. "Antibodies in action: the role of humoral immunity in the fight against atherosclerosis." Immunity & Ageing 19.1 (2022): 59.
For Research Use Only | Not For Clinical Use

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